OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 10: Biochemistry of the Genome

OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 10: Biochemistry of the Genome * = Correct answer Multiple Choice 1. Gregor Mendel conducted his revolutionary work on patterns of inheritance using which organism? A. fruit flies B. pea plants* C. roundworms D. snapdragons 2. Which best describes true-breeding organisms? A. They are heterozygous at multiple loci. B. They have been produced through hybridization. C. They produce offspring identical to themselves when self-fertilized.* D. They produce offspring of the same species when self-fertilized. 3. In a monohybrid cross, the first generation of offspring is called which of the following? A. dihybrid generation B. first filial generation* C. parental generation D. second filial generation 4. When Mendel published his work, most people believed which of the following about inheritance? A. A fully formed, miniature human was transmitted from the father. B. Blending of traits from both parents produces the traits of the offspring.* C. Genes are transmitted in DNA. D. Information from the mother provides the entire blueprint for the offspring. 5. A DNA nucleotide contains which of the following? A. a deoxyribose sugar and a nitrogenous base B. a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base* C. a ribose sugar and a nitrogenous base D. a ribose sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base 6. A nucleoside contains which of the following components? A. a phosphate and a base B. a phosphate and a sugar C. a sugar and a base* D. a sugar, a phosphate, and a base 7. Which of the following is a name for nitrogenous bases with a double-ring structure? A. nucleosides B. nucleotides C. purines* D. pyrimidines 8. Where in the DNA structure do DNA-binding proteins generally bind? A. in the center of the helix, between the bases B. in the major grooves C. in the minor grooves D. in the major and minor grooves* 9. Which of the following is not an example of an organism’s phenotype? A. a behavioral response to certain conditions B. an organism’s observable characteristics C. the DNA sequence of a cellular genome* D. which enzymes are being synthesized 10. Who identified the nucleotide bases of DNA and RNA? A. Richard Altmann B. Albrecht Kossel* C. Gregor Mendel D. Friedrich Miescher 11. Mendel published his work in which of the following books? A. Experiments in Plant Hybridization* B. On the Origin of Species C. The Double Helix D. The Physical Basis of Heredity 12. Whose work provided the first experimental evidence for the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance? A. Theodor Boveri’s work with sea urchins B. Barbara McClintock’s work with maize C. Gregor Mendel’s work with pea plants D. Thomas Hunt Morgan’s work with Drosophila* 13. Which alga provided an important model to demonstrate the location of genetic information in the nucleus? A. Acetabularia* B. Chlamydomonas C. Ulva D. Volvox 14. The one gene–one enzyme hypothesis that developed into the one gene–one polypeptide hypothesis was proposed by which of the following? A. George Beadle, Edward Tatum, and colleagues* B. Gregor Mendel C. Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl D. Thomas Hunt Morgan 15. Evidence that DNA was the genetic material rather than protein was provided by which of the following? A. Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty B. George Beadle, Edward Tatum, and colleagues C. Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase* D. Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl 16. Who first demonstrated horizontal transmission of genetic information? A. Oswald Avery B. Frederick Griffith* C. Barbara McClintock D. Thomas Hunt Morgan 17. Which of the following correctly describes the number and type of bond(s) that stabilize an adenine–thymine base pair? A. one hydrogen bond B. one phosphodiester bond C. two hydrogen bonds* D. three hydrogen bonds 18. Which of the following describes the relationship in which the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosine in double- stranded DNA? A. Chargaff’s rules* B. Griffith’s rules C. Mendel’s laws D. Pauling’s principles 19. Which researchers published the first description of DNA as a double helix? A. Francis Crick and Linus Pauling B. Rosalind Franklin and Linus Pauling C. Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins D. James Watson and Francis Crick* 20. Which researcher produced X-ray diffraction images of DNA that were critical to determining its structure but did not receive a Nobel prize with colleagues because it is not awarded posthumously? A. Francis Crick B. Rosalind Franklin* C. James Watson D. Maurice Wilkins 21. One strand of DNA runs from 5′ to 3′ and the opposing strand runs 3′ to 5′, meaning that the strands are oriented in which way? A. antiparallel* B. conservative C. helical D. semiconservative 22. The rejoining of two previously separated strands of DNA is called which of the following? A. denaturation B. hydrogenation C. reannealing* D. semiconservative replication 23. DNA strands are often denatured in the laboratory using which method? A. adding restriction enzymes B. freezing the sample C. raising the temperature* D. using a cold calcium chloride solution 24. Transmission of genetic information from parent to offspring is called which of the following? A. horizontal gene transfer B. phage transfer C. transposition D. vertical gene transfer* 25. Which of the following is not a difference between DNA and RNA? A. DNA is used for shorter-term functions than RNA.* B. DNA is usually double stranded and RNA is usually single stranded. C. RNA contains uracil and DNA contains thymine. D. RNA is usually less stable than DNA. 26. Which process produces an RNA copy of a DNA molecule? A. replication B. transcription* C. transformation D. translation 27. In which cellular location in a eukaryote do rRNA synthesis and ribosome assembly occur? A. at ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum B. in the cytoplasm C. in the nucleolus* D. in the pores of the nuclear envelope