Pharmacology HESI Questions and Answers Latest Update Already Passed

Pharmacology HESI Questions and Answers Latest Update Already Passed increases force of contraction Correct Answer-What is the positive inotrope for Digoxin do? decreases heart rate Correct Answer-What is the negative chronotrope for Digoxin do? take apical pulse for one full minute Correct Answer-How do you assess for the positive inotrope and negative chronotrope of digoxin? Normal digoxin level Correct Answer-0.5-2 ng/mL Normal serum potassium (K+) level Correct Answer-3.5-5.0 mEq/L YES Correct Answer-Do low potassium or magnesium levels increase the risk for dig toxicity? S/S of dig toxicity Correct Answer--anorexia -bradycardia -headache -dizziness-confusion -nausea -visual distrubances (blurred, yellow, halo vision) if apical pulse is lower than 60 bpm Correct Answer-When do you want to hold digoxin? dig toxicity Correct Answer-If a client has had a long history of digoxin and furosemide (lasix) use it could creates a high risk for what? Hypokalemia Correct Answer-Furosemide (lasix) can cause _______ which can lead to dig toxicity. Verapamil (Calan) and Diltiazem (Cardizem) Correct Answer--These 2 calcium channel blocker also affect the heart. So you wnat to monitor BP and for a decrease in HR. -SE: constipation -Avoid grapefruit juice -dipine ending drugs (like amlodipine) Correct Answer--these calcium channel blockers affect vessels only (vasodilation) -SE: dizziness, facial flushing, edema, hypotensionFurosemide (Lasix) Correct Answer--loop diuretic -rapid acting -used foe rapid diuresis in emergencies (Pulmonary embolism) -may produce hypokalemia (assess for muscle craps or weakness) -Hypotension, F/E abnormalities, dehydration, SE of furosemide (Lasix) Correct Answer--dizziness, -headache -tinnitus -Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea -decreased potassium -hyperglycemia -ototoxicity with aminoglycosides (-mycin drugs) Potassium sparing diuretics Correct Answer--Spironolactone (Aldactone) -amiloride (Midamor) -triamterene (Dyrenium) -can cause increased potassium-blocks receptors for aldosterone -inhibits sodium and water reabsorption -take in the morning (diuretics in morning if possible) -avoid salt substitutes, ACE inhibitors, ARBs -often take with other (thiazide) diuretics to treat edema, hypertension, heart failure -can be taken with other meds that lower potassium Correct Answer-what do you want to teach a patient who is on a potassium sparing diuretic