BIO 235 (Kovacs) Exam 1 Questions With Verified Answers

BIO 235 (Kovacs) Exam 1 Questions With Verified Answers how many chromosomes do most prokaryotes have? - answerone how many copies of their chromosome(s) do prokaryotes have? - answerone what organisms undergo binary fission? - answerbacterial cells why do bacterial chromosomes get replicated before the cell divides? - answerso each daughter cell receives one copy do eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells require more genetic information? - answereukaryotic what is required in order to pass complements of chromosomes to the next generation? - answera sorting mechanism structures within living cells that contain the genetic material - answerchromosome what is the genetic material in chromosomes? - answerDNA what provides an organized structure in chromosomes? - answerproteins what is the DNA-protein complex called in eukaryotes? - answerchromatin what is the DNA-protein complex called in prokaryotes? - answernucleoid the constricted region joining the two sister chromatids that make up an X-shaped chromosome and the site where kinetochore is formed - answercentromere a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences at each end of a chromosome, which protects the end of the chromosome from deterioration or from fusion with neighboring chromosomes - answertelomere a particular sequence in a genome at which replication is initiated - answerorigins of replication a protein structure that forms on a chromatid during cell division and allows it to attach to a spindle fiber on a chromosome - answerkinetochore members of a pair of chromosomes - answerhomologs two homologs form what? - answerhomologous pair what are the similarities between two chromosomes in a homologous pair? - answerthey are nearly identical in size, have the same banding pattern and centromere location, and they have the same genes but not necessarily the same alleles how many sets of chromosomes do diploid cells have? - answertwo how many sets of chromosomes do haploid cells have? - answerone an organized representation of the metaphase chromosomes within a diploid eukaryotic cell - answerkaryotype chromosomes that come in pairs (homologs) are called what? - answerautosomes are the sex chromosomes, X and Y, homologous and why? - answerno because they differ in size and genetic composition, but they do have regions of homology why do eukaryotic cells undergo mitosis? - answerto ensure that the daughter cells receive one complete set of chromosomes (one copy of each chromosome) what is the repeating pattern of cell growth followed by cell division called? - answercell cycle what are the phases G1, S, and G2 collectively called? - answerinterphase during what phase in interphase does the cell grow in volume? - answerG1 what is the name of the phase a cell is in when progression through the cell cycle is postponed or when a cell decides to never divide again? (ex: nerve cells) - answerG0 what are the cells called who decide to never divide again? - answerterminally differentiated cells or post-mitotic cells during what phase in interphase are the chromosomes replicated? - answerS two copies of a replicated chromosome - answerchromatids two copies of a replicated chromosome joined at the centromere - answersister chromatids during what phase in interphase does the cell accumulate the materials and molecular machinery that are necessary for nuclear and cellular division? - answerG2 what is the difference between a kinetochore and a centromere? - answerkinetochore are the proteins attached to the centromere and the centromere is the DNA that is hidden beneath the kinetochore proteins during what phase are the chromosomes relaxed and unable to be seen individually under a microscope? - answerinterphase