NR 507: Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm
Exam Questions And Verified Answers
1). Asthma
Ans: Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive inflammatory
response in the bronchioles
2). What are 5 s/s of asthma
Ans: coughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
3). Pathophysiology of asthma (5)
Ans: -airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-reactivity and smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
4). Bronchioles
Ans: smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that become the alveoli
5). 3 layers of the bronchioles
Ans: innermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
6). Lamina propria
Ans: the middle layer of the bronchioles
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, 7). Structure of the lamina propria
Ans: embedded with connective tissue cells and immune cells
8). Purpose of the lamina propria
Ans: white blood cells are present to help protect the airways
9). How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma
Ans: the WBCs protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory
response that damages host tissue
10). What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain
Ans: columnar epithelial ells and mucus producing goblet cells
11). What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain
Ans: smooth muscle cells
12). What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do
Ans: control the airways ability to constrict and dilate
13). Alveolar hyperinflation
Ans: When air is unable to move out of the alveolar like it should due to bronchial
walls collapsing around possible mucus plug thus trapping air inside
14). How does hyperinflation occur?
Ans: the ongoing inflammatory process of asthma produces mucus and pus plug that
the bronchial walls collapse around
15). Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar
Ans: -expanded thorax and hypercapnia (retention of CO2)
- respiratory acidosis
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, 16). What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma
Ans: tiotropium and ipratropium
17). What do anticholinergics do in the lungs?
Ans: These drugs block the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
18). Moa of anticholinergic drugs for asthma
Ans: the parasympathetic system is stimulated by the vagal nerve to release
acetylcholine which binds to the cholinergic receptors of the respiratory tract to cause
bronchial constriction = decreased airflow
- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding preventing the
bronchial constriction
19). Bronchitis
Ans: inflammation of the bronchial tubes
20). 3 characteristics of bronchitis
Ans: bronchial inflammation
hypersecretion of mucus
chronic productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months for at least 2 successive
years
21). Perfusion
Ans: The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the
body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.
22). Results of chronic bronchitis/ low perfusion
Ans: cyanosis
right to left shunting
chronic hypoxemia
23). Why is there cyanosis with chronic bronchitis
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Exam Questions And Verified Answers
1). Asthma
Ans: Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive inflammatory
response in the bronchioles
2). What are 5 s/s of asthma
Ans: coughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
3). Pathophysiology of asthma (5)
Ans: -airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-reactivity and smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
4). Bronchioles
Ans: smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that become the alveoli
5). 3 layers of the bronchioles
Ans: innermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
6). Lamina propria
Ans: the middle layer of the bronchioles
PaperStoc.com Page 1 of 23
, 7). Structure of the lamina propria
Ans: embedded with connective tissue cells and immune cells
8). Purpose of the lamina propria
Ans: white blood cells are present to help protect the airways
9). How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma
Ans: the WBCs protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory
response that damages host tissue
10). What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain
Ans: columnar epithelial ells and mucus producing goblet cells
11). What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain
Ans: smooth muscle cells
12). What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do
Ans: control the airways ability to constrict and dilate
13). Alveolar hyperinflation
Ans: When air is unable to move out of the alveolar like it should due to bronchial
walls collapsing around possible mucus plug thus trapping air inside
14). How does hyperinflation occur?
Ans: the ongoing inflammatory process of asthma produces mucus and pus plug that
the bronchial walls collapse around
15). Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar
Ans: -expanded thorax and hypercapnia (retention of CO2)
- respiratory acidosis
PaperStoc.com Page 2 of 23
, 16). What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma
Ans: tiotropium and ipratropium
17). What do anticholinergics do in the lungs?
Ans: These drugs block the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
18). Moa of anticholinergic drugs for asthma
Ans: the parasympathetic system is stimulated by the vagal nerve to release
acetylcholine which binds to the cholinergic receptors of the respiratory tract to cause
bronchial constriction = decreased airflow
- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding preventing the
bronchial constriction
19). Bronchitis
Ans: inflammation of the bronchial tubes
20). 3 characteristics of bronchitis
Ans: bronchial inflammation
hypersecretion of mucus
chronic productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months for at least 2 successive
years
21). Perfusion
Ans: The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the
body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.
22). Results of chronic bronchitis/ low perfusion
Ans: cyanosis
right to left shunting
chronic hypoxemia
23). Why is there cyanosis with chronic bronchitis
PaperStoc.com Page 3 of 23
