Nutrition Exam 1 Rasmussen Latest Update Graded A+

Nutrition Exam 1 Rasmussen Latest Update Graded A+ Digestion - Movement of food through the digestive track Mouth - mastication Esophagus - Upper esophageal sphincter (UES) Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) Stomach - Kneading and churning Small intestine - peristalsis Peristalsis The involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wave-like movements that push the contents of the canal forward. Digestion - Carbohydrate Mouth- Salivary amylase breaks down starch to dextrins Small Intestines- *Pancreatic amylase breaks down starch to disaccharides: lactose, sucrose, and maltose. *Disaccharides are broken down to monosaccharides. * Lactase breaks down lactose to glucose and galactose. *Sucrase breaks down sucrose to glucose and fructose *Maltase breaks down maltose to glucose and glucose. Digestion - Protein Stomach- Pepsin and HCl break down protein to polypeptides Small Intestines- * Trypsin breaks down proteins and polypeptides to dipeptides *Chymotrypsin breaks down proteins and polypeptides to dipeptides. *Carboxypeptidase breaks down polypeptides and dipeptides to amino acids. *Aminopeptidase breaks down polypeptides and dipeptides to amino acids. *Dipeptidase breaks down dipeptides to amino acids. Digestion - Fat Mouth- Lingual lipase has a minor role in beginning fat digestion Stomach- Tributyrinase breaks down tributyrin (butterfat) to glycerol and fatty acids Small Intestines- *Bile emulsifies fat. *Pancreatic lipase breaks down fat to glycerol, diglycerides, monoglycerides, and fatty acids. Macronutrient End products Carbohydrates- Glucose, fructose, and galactose (monosaccharides) Fats- Fatty acids, monoglycerides, diglycerides, and glycerol Proteins- Amino acids, dipeptides Digestion- Chemical Mouth- *Salivary amylase *Saliva *Mucous