STSC 212 Final Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers 2024

STSC 212 Final Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers 2024 Standpoint Epistemology A way of looking at history that developed from feminist criticisms regarding women's absence from/marginalized position in knowledge systems. This method emphasized the experience of events from different perspectives, and that truth is shaped by a person's position in society. Specifically in military technological systems, this calls attention to the many different perspectives from which technologies (like the atomic bomb) can be interpreted and experienced. Military Industrial Complex The convergence/alliance between the military and the defense industry (the rest of society) that supplies it that as a single entity influence public policy. Truly emerged after WWII during the militarization of science/tech/industry during the Cold War, and the term gained popularity after President Eisenhower used it in his farewell address. Black Boxing The idea that scientific and military history can be viewed from the outside/in terms of its inputs and outputs without any knowledge of how it works. It suggests that while we might know how to use an innovation, we do not understand the process/its implementation. Also argues that scientific/technical work is "made invisible by its own success," since when a machine runs efficiently, one no longer needs to focus on its inputs/outputs and not its internal complexity. This leads to the paradox that the more science/tech succeeds, the more opaque/obscure/"black" they become. Hegemonic Power The internalized and normalized power/ set of meanings/values which as they are experienced appear reciprocally conforming functions through individual action, commitment and identity. Those who are subjected to it are those who internalize it, and thus creates a social structure/reality in which we self-regulate. (Requirement is state hegemony too, i.e. USA) Teleology A general approach to determinism not limited to technology. Aristotle proposed that we live in a static world and life is made for a single purpose, and that every thing is defined by their purpose alone, as in they have a specific outcome that they always tend to. Technical Distancing The means by which technology permits acts that would not otherwise happen in close proximity. Allows for a disaffiliation between offense and victim. Fascism An authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organization. Characteristics of such regimes include heightened nationalism, human rights abuses, scapegoats as unifying cause, military funding privileged over domestic needs, control of Mass Media, fear- based social control etc. They are considered to be situations in which there are "poor choices" leading to possible adioaphoria (esp. on the part of scientists such as Nazi Germany and Ping Fan). Joseph Rotblat claimed that "under fascism truth cannot exist" suggesting that pure/true science (being equal to truth) is not possible in fascist environments. Garrison State Harold Lasswell first coined this term in 1941. This is the developmental construct that argues that there is a political-military elite in the modern state, of which "specialists on violence are the