BIOLOGY 1406 Lecture Exam 1 Questions and Answers Solved 100%

What are proteins? - Polymers of amino acids covalently bonded through peptide bonds into a chain What are the parts of an amino acid? - central carbon single hydrogen carboxyl group amino group R-group {side chain} What is the significance of the R-group {side chain}? - distinguishes one amino acid from another and dictates an amino acid's properties What is an oligopeptide? - less than 50 amino acids What is a polypeptide? - more than 50 amino acids How are peptide bonds formed? Through what reaction? - condensation/dehydration What is the beginning of a peptide chain? - N-Terminus (amino acid group) What is the end of a peptide chain? - C-Terminus (carboxyl group) Four levels of complexity or structural features of proteins? - Primary Secondary Tertiary Quaternary What is polymerization? - The process of making a polymer What causes functional diversity of proteins? - shape or structure reactivity of R-groups {side chains} What is DNA's role with proteins? - Determines the primary structure What is an example of a mutation of a protein and what does that mean? - Sickle Cell; won't allow the protein to carry out the function it is meant to have What are covalent bonds? - strong bond; the sharing of electron pairs between atoms What is an organic compound? - A compound that makes up the living part of something What is an inorganic compound? - A compound that is nonliving What is a compound? - Made up of 2 or more separate elements What is a molecule? - made up of atoms, smallest particle in a chemical element or compound What are the three atomic particles? - proton (+) neutron (neutral) electron (-) What is an atom? - smallest unit of matter What is the atomic number? - number of protons What is the atomic mass - number of protons +neutrons How do you know how many electrons are in an element? - same number as protons What is matter? - Anything that has mass and takes up space (made of atoms) How do you know when data is valid? - Can be repeated/tested multiple times with same results How can something be included in science? - Can be observed by human senses by any human What is an amino acid? - Monomer of proteins What are the different domains from earliest to latest? - Bacteria Archea Eukarya How do you write a scientific name? - 2 names Genus: always capitalized Specific Epithet: always lower case Underlined words if written Italicized words if typed What are the types of chemical reactions delineated by building larger molecules or breaking down larger molecules into smaller ones? - Dehydration/Condensation: take away water, build bigger molecule Hydrolysis: add water, splits molecule into smaller ones