ATI Fundamentals Proctored Exam | Questions and Answers with
Rationales | LATEST 2021/ 2022
A nurse is planning to collect a stool specimen for ova and parasites from a
client who has diarrhea. Which of the following actions should the nurse take
when collecting the specimen?
A.Instruct the client to defecate into the toilet bowl
-incorrect: The nurse should have the client defecate into a bedpan or a
container for stool collection. The toilet water can dilute and contaminate the
liquid specimen.
B.Transfer the specimen to a sterile container
-incorrect: The nurse should place the stool specimen in a clean container
using a tongue depressor.
C.Refrigerate the collected specimen
-incorrect: The nurse should send the collected stool specimen immediately to the
laboratory after labeling the specimen properly to prevent contamination with
microorganisms and keep the specimen from getting cold.
D.Place the stool specimen collection container in a biohazard bag
-The nurse should place the specimen collection container in a biohazard bag
with the client label on the container and the bag for easy identification. This
will also prevent contamination with microorganisms.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a tracheostomy and requires suctioning.
Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
A.Hyper oxygenate the client before suctioning
-The nurse should use a manual resuscitation bag to hyper oxygenate the
client for several minutes prior to suctioning.
B.Insert the catheter during exhalation
-incorrect: The nurse should insert the catheter during inhalation
C.Apply suction during insertion of the catheter
,-incorrect: Applying suction while inserting the catheter increases the risk of
damage to the tracheal mucosa and removes oxygen from the airways.
D.Apply suction for no more than 15 secs
-incorrect: The nurse should apply suction for no more than 10 seconds
A nurse is assisting a client who has dysphagia at mealtimes. Which of
the following actions should the nurse take?
A.Assist the client into a semi-sitting position
-incorrect: The nurse should assist the client to sit in an upright position when eating.
B.Have the client lean slightly backward
-incorrect: The nurse should have the client lean slightly forward when eating
C.Advise the client to tuck his chin downward
-To help the client swallow safely, the nurse should have the client sit upright,
lean slightly forward, tilt his head forward, and tuck his chin. This position helps
moves the food downward without lodging in the throat, where the client could
aspirate it.
D.Instruct the client to tilt his head slightly backward
-incorrect: The nurse should instruct the client to tilt his head slightly forward when
eating.
A nurse is assessing a client who is experiencing an obstruction of the flow
of the vitreous humor in the eye. This manifestation is consistent with which of
the following eye disorders?
A.Retinopathy
-incorrect: Manifestations of retinopathy include changes in the blood vessels of
the retina that can lead to blindness.
B.Glaucoma
-The nurse should identify that an obstruction of the flow of the vitreous humor of
the eye is a manifestation of glaucoma. This obstruction leads to an increase in
intraocular pressure, resulting in damage to the eye.
C.Cataracts
,-incorrect: Manifestations of cataracts include an increase in the opacity of the
lens, blocking rays of light from entering the eye.
D.Macular degeneration
-incorrect: Manifestations of macular degeneration include changes in sharp and
central vision and are often associated with aging.
, A charge nurse is providing teaching to a newly licensed nurse about removing
sutures from a client’s laceration. Which of the following statements by the newly
licensed nurse indicates an understanding of the teaching?
A.“I will use a staple remover and remove each suture individually.”
-incorrect: A staple remover is used to remove staples, not sutures.
B.“Bandage scissors are used to cut the sutures.”
-incorrect: Bandage scissors are ineffective in removing sutures, as the tips of the
scissors are too large and blunt to capture the suture material. Special suture
scissors with a short, curved tip are used to remove sutures.
C.“Tweezers are necessary only for removing retention sutures.”
-incorrect: Retention sutures are placed more deeply within the body than regular
sutures. Agency policy will determine if nurses are allowed to remove them.
Tweezers, however, can be used to remove all types of sutures, not just retention
ones.
D.“I will clip each suture close to the skin and pull it through from the other
side.”
-Clipping close to the skin and pulling the suture from the other side does not
disrupt the wound- healing process.
A nurse is preparing to insert an indwelling urinary catheter for a female
client. Which of the following actions should the nurse have the client perform
just before inserting the catheter?
A.Swallow water
-incorrect: Swallowing eases the passage of a nasogastric tube past the client’s
oropharynx.
B.Prepare for painful sensation
-incorrect: The insertion of a catheter can feel uncomfortable but should not
cause pain, and it can ease the discomfort of bladder distention.
C.Hold her breath
Rationales | LATEST 2021/ 2022
A nurse is planning to collect a stool specimen for ova and parasites from a
client who has diarrhea. Which of the following actions should the nurse take
when collecting the specimen?
A.Instruct the client to defecate into the toilet bowl
-incorrect: The nurse should have the client defecate into a bedpan or a
container for stool collection. The toilet water can dilute and contaminate the
liquid specimen.
B.Transfer the specimen to a sterile container
-incorrect: The nurse should place the stool specimen in a clean container
using a tongue depressor.
C.Refrigerate the collected specimen
-incorrect: The nurse should send the collected stool specimen immediately to the
laboratory after labeling the specimen properly to prevent contamination with
microorganisms and keep the specimen from getting cold.
D.Place the stool specimen collection container in a biohazard bag
-The nurse should place the specimen collection container in a biohazard bag
with the client label on the container and the bag for easy identification. This
will also prevent contamination with microorganisms.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a tracheostomy and requires suctioning.
Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
A.Hyper oxygenate the client before suctioning
-The nurse should use a manual resuscitation bag to hyper oxygenate the
client for several minutes prior to suctioning.
B.Insert the catheter during exhalation
-incorrect: The nurse should insert the catheter during inhalation
C.Apply suction during insertion of the catheter
,-incorrect: Applying suction while inserting the catheter increases the risk of
damage to the tracheal mucosa and removes oxygen from the airways.
D.Apply suction for no more than 15 secs
-incorrect: The nurse should apply suction for no more than 10 seconds
A nurse is assisting a client who has dysphagia at mealtimes. Which of
the following actions should the nurse take?
A.Assist the client into a semi-sitting position
-incorrect: The nurse should assist the client to sit in an upright position when eating.
B.Have the client lean slightly backward
-incorrect: The nurse should have the client lean slightly forward when eating
C.Advise the client to tuck his chin downward
-To help the client swallow safely, the nurse should have the client sit upright,
lean slightly forward, tilt his head forward, and tuck his chin. This position helps
moves the food downward without lodging in the throat, where the client could
aspirate it.
D.Instruct the client to tilt his head slightly backward
-incorrect: The nurse should instruct the client to tilt his head slightly forward when
eating.
A nurse is assessing a client who is experiencing an obstruction of the flow
of the vitreous humor in the eye. This manifestation is consistent with which of
the following eye disorders?
A.Retinopathy
-incorrect: Manifestations of retinopathy include changes in the blood vessels of
the retina that can lead to blindness.
B.Glaucoma
-The nurse should identify that an obstruction of the flow of the vitreous humor of
the eye is a manifestation of glaucoma. This obstruction leads to an increase in
intraocular pressure, resulting in damage to the eye.
C.Cataracts
,-incorrect: Manifestations of cataracts include an increase in the opacity of the
lens, blocking rays of light from entering the eye.
D.Macular degeneration
-incorrect: Manifestations of macular degeneration include changes in sharp and
central vision and are often associated with aging.
, A charge nurse is providing teaching to a newly licensed nurse about removing
sutures from a client’s laceration. Which of the following statements by the newly
licensed nurse indicates an understanding of the teaching?
A.“I will use a staple remover and remove each suture individually.”
-incorrect: A staple remover is used to remove staples, not sutures.
B.“Bandage scissors are used to cut the sutures.”
-incorrect: Bandage scissors are ineffective in removing sutures, as the tips of the
scissors are too large and blunt to capture the suture material. Special suture
scissors with a short, curved tip are used to remove sutures.
C.“Tweezers are necessary only for removing retention sutures.”
-incorrect: Retention sutures are placed more deeply within the body than regular
sutures. Agency policy will determine if nurses are allowed to remove them.
Tweezers, however, can be used to remove all types of sutures, not just retention
ones.
D.“I will clip each suture close to the skin and pull it through from the other
side.”
-Clipping close to the skin and pulling the suture from the other side does not
disrupt the wound- healing process.
A nurse is preparing to insert an indwelling urinary catheter for a female
client. Which of the following actions should the nurse have the client perform
just before inserting the catheter?
A.Swallow water
-incorrect: Swallowing eases the passage of a nasogastric tube past the client’s
oropharynx.
B.Prepare for painful sensation
-incorrect: The insertion of a catheter can feel uncomfortable but should not
cause pain, and it can ease the discomfort of bladder distention.
C.Hold her breath
