Nicole Kupchik CCRN RENAL Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass

Nicole Kupchik CCRN RENAL Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass main functions of the renal system - Answer- filtration, reabsorption, secretion acid base balance, bp regulation (RAAS), erythropoietin (hgb production), electrolyte balances -approximately 20% of cardiac output goes to the kidneys the nephron - Answer- -glomerulus: network of capillaries, filters blood -proximal convoluted tubule: reabsorbs water, sodium, amino acids & glucose -loop of henle: reabsorbs Na+, water & concentrates urine— loop diuretics affect the loop of henle -distal convoluted tubule: regulates pH, K, Na, & Ca -collecting duct: collects urine from the nephrons fluid balance is regulated by: - Answer- -thirst -ADH -aldosterone** —elevated K triggers release of aldosterone -atria natriuretic peptide (ANP), overstretch of the atria -renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) when a patient gets hyperkalemic, what hormone is released to decrease it? - Answer- aldosterone urine - Answer- -normal UOP: 1500mL/day, or 0.5mL/kg/hr -anuria 100mL/day -oliguria 100-400mL/day -polyuria 2500mL/day azotemia - Answer- acute rise in blood urea nitrogen. will cause AMS if it gets too high anuria - Answer- complete suppression of urine output oliguria - Answer- urine output 400mL/day glomerular filtration rate - Answer- the amount of glomerular filtrate formed in the kidneys each minute. it is used to evaluate the kidneys' ability to remove waste products from the body urine casts - Answer- - Cylindrical structures formed by the kidneys in certain disease states -Released from the distal tubule & collecting ducts -Detected on urinalysis acute kidney injury (AKI) - Answer- -an abrupt decrease in the glomerular filtration rate- most common cause is hypoperfusion -incidence: about 5% in hospitalized patients —30% develop it in the ICU —ATN- 50% survival, drips to 30% at 1 year— identify this by anyone getting HD for the first time —average hospital cost of AKI event $17k -results in retention of metabolic waste (K, mag & phos elevated, calcium low) -fluid overload -electrolyte imbalance -acidosis (metabolic)