HSC 404, Exam 2 Questions and Correct Answers 2024, With Complete Solution.

HSC 404, Exam 2 Questions and Correct Answers 2024, With Complete Solution. A prophylactic trial is designed to: evaluate the effectiveness of a substance used to prevent disease Which types of health issues are likely to be addressed in community trials? -Smoking cessation -HIV/AIDS -Healthy eating The purpose of double-blinding in clinical trials is to: -Reduce error that results from the way in which the outcome is assessed -Reduce error that results from subjects' knowledge of their assignment to study conditions The purpose of randomization is to: -Reduce error that results from assignment to study conditions Controlled clinical trials enable researchers to: -Derive knowledge about the origins of a disease -Exercise control over who will receive an exposure -More accurately identify cause and effect associations In epidemiology, an arm is: -Any of the treatment groups in a randomized trial In epidemiology, protocol is: -A study plan on which all clinical trials are based In epidemiology, informed consent is: -The process of learning the key facts about a clinical trial before deciding whether or not to participate In epidemiology, efficacy is: -The maximum ability of a drug or treatment to produce results, regardless of dosage What is UNTRUE of ecologic studies? -The level of exposure for each individual in the unit being studied is well known What is TRUE of ecologic studies? -examines a group as a unit of analysis -an ecologic comparison study is sometimes called a cross-sectional ecologic study -the ecologic fallacy occurs when incorrect inferences about the individual are made from group-level data -are a good approach for generating hypotheses Cross-sectional studies are: -also termed prevalence studies -exposure and disease measures obtained at the individual level -single period of observation -exposure and disease histories are collected simultaneously What are some examples of a descriptive study? -cross-sectional studies