WGU Pathophysiology Exam Study Questions and Answers with Complete Solutions Graded A 2024

Which types of tissue most often develop tumors? - Epithelial and connective tissues Papilloma - A wart Lipoma - Begins in fatty tissue Myoma - Fibroid Chondroma - Benign tumor of cartilage cells What are sarcomas? - They are tumors that can be found anywhere and begin in connective tissue What are the early signs of lymphoma - Fevers and night sweats What is radiation therapy - When seeds are implanted into a malignant prostate and then irradiated, this is called radiation therapy. This is used to reduce damage to healthy tissue What is a vesicle? - Small fluid filled elevation of skin (e.g. blister) What is a pustule? - elevation of the skin containing white blood cells and cell debris What is a macule? - A spot that is not raised or depressed. (such as a freckle) What is a papule? - A firm raised area of the skin (such as a pimple) What is an excoriation? - scratch in the skin Laceration - Rough jagged wound Fissure - Crack in the skin Ulcer - Sore with disintegration and death of affected tissue Superficial burn - involves the epidermal layer of the skin Superficial partial thickness burn - appears with blisters and pain at the burn site What are shingles and how are they treated - Shingles are painful vesicular lesions caused by varicella. The normal treatment is antiviral medications and costicosteroids to decrease pain. What is Tissue destruction involving only the epidermal layer of the skin - superficial. What are two signs of allergic skin reactions - Pruritus (itching) and urticarial (hives) What are three autoimmune diseases involving the skin? - Pemphigus, scleroderma and lupus erythematosus are all autoimmuse diseases involving the skin. Damage to what can disturb equilibrium? - Semicircular canals in the ear How can otitis media be prevented? - By placing a myingotomy tube in the ear What results in progressive hearing loss? - Presbycusis What can alleviate age-related hearing loss? - Speaking in clear, low-pitched tones What are treatment of joint disorders - FALK (fixation of screws, arthrocentesis, laproscopic repairs, kyoplasty) (GROS) Gout (type of arthritis) - higher levels of uric acid form crystals that accumulate in the joints, causing pain and inflammation. Septic arthritis - May result from an invasive procedure; invading organisms are usually carried to the joint by the blood stream. Osteoarthritis - most often in weight-bearing joints, like hips and knees; may be the results of aging and repeated trauma. Rheumatoid arthritis - inflammation and overgrowth of synovial fluid causes severe pain; joints stiffen and become useless. What is mysathenia gravis? - chronic muscular fatigue caused by defect at the neuromuscular junction. How is GERD treated? - Antacids and using medication that decreases the production of HCL What characterizes chronic pancreatitis - Severe pain and blood test shows elevated serum amylase. Pancreatitis impacts the digestive process by leading to enzyme imbalances How do you test for viral hepatitis - Testing blood serology What is required for blood clotting? - Vitamin K What type of reaction would arise if a RH negative patient experiences a second exposure to RH positive blood? - An Antigen-antibody reaction could arise if a Rh negative patient experiences a second exposure to Rh positive blood What are blood diseases - (HALT) Hemophilia (bleeding disorder caused by deficiency of a clotting factor), Aplastic anemia (bone mare failure decreased red cell production), Leukemia (increase in WBC), Thalassemia (hereditary disorders causing impaired hemglobin synthesis) What are three recommendations for the treatment of hypertension? - • Diet modification • Prescribed diuretics • Exercise on a regular basis What does H. pylori cause? - Gastrointestinal disorder called peptic ulcer What is shock - Confusion, anxiety, hypertension What is atrophy - Decrease in the size of a muscle due to disuese Strain - tearing or overstretching of a tendon or a muscle. Sprain - tearing or stretching of a ligament surrounding a joint that usually follows a sharp twist. What is muscular dystrophy - Deterioration of muscles that have intact nerve function What are strong, painful muscle contractions - cramps How do you describe shoulder joint dislocation - Acuetly painful in the arm and chest area and often results in the arm being longer than the mate What might cause abdominal pain and elevated bilirubin? - Inflammation of the gallbladder Amylase - Enzyme in saliva that breaks the chemical bonds in starches Lipase - pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats Trypsin - an enzyme from the pancreas that digests proteins in the small intestine Nucleases - Enzymes that break down nucleic acids How can hepatitis be diagnosed - serology and serum chemistry are used for diagnosis