WGU Pathophysiology Exam Questions and Answers Graded A

Which types of tissue most often develop tumors? - Epithelial and connective tissues What are the following benign tumors? - Papilloma - A wart Lipoma - begins in the fatty tissue Myoma - Fibroid Chondroma - Tumor of cartilage cells What are sarcomas? - They are tumors that can be found anywhere and begin in connective tissue What are the early signs of lymphoma - Fevers and night sweats What is radiation therapy - When seeds are implanted into a malignant prostate and then irradiated, this is called radiation therapy. This is used to reduce damage to healthy tissue Name what is a vesicle, pustule, macule, papule, excoriation - Vesicle - Small fluid filled elevation of skin (e.g. blister) Pustule - (elevation of the skin containing white blood cells and cell debris) Macule - A spot that is not raised or depressed. (such as a freckle) Papule - A firm raised area of the skin (such as a pimple) Excoriation (scratch in the skin) Define the following: Laceration Fissure Ulcer Superficial burn Superficial partial thickness burn - Laceration - Rough jagged wound Fissue - Crack in the skin Ulcer - Store with disintegration and death of affected tissue Superficial burn involves the epidermal layer of the skin Superficial partial thickness burn appears with blisters and pain at the burn site What are shingles and how are they treated - Shingles are painful vesicular lesions caused by varicella. The normal treatment is antiviral medications and costicosteroids to decrease pain. What is Tissue destruction involving only the epidermal layer of the skin - superficial. What are two signs of allergic skin reactions - Pruritus (itching) and urticarial (hives) What are three autoimmune diseases involving the skin? - Pemphigus, scleroderma and lupus erythematosus are all autoimmuse diseases involving the skin. Damage to what can disturb equilibrium? - Semicircular canals in the ear How can otitis media be prevented? - By placing a myingotomy tube in the ear What results in progressive hearing loss? - Presbycusis What can alleviate age-related hearing loss? - Speaking in clear, low-pitched tones What are treatment of joint disorders - FALK (fixation of screws, arthrocentesis, laproscopic repairs, kyoplasty) What are the different types of arthritis - (GROS) Gout - higher levels of uric acid form crystals that accumulate in the joints, causing pain and inflammation. • Septic arthritis - may result from an invasive procedure; invading organisms are usually carried to the joint by the blood stream. • Osteoarthritis - most often in weight-bearing joints, like hips and knees; may be the results of aging and repeated trauma. • Rheumatoid arthritis - inflammation and overgrowth of synovial fluid causes severe pain; joints stiffen and become useless. What is mysathenia gravis? - chronic muscular fatigue caused by defect at the neuromuscular junction. How is GERD treated? - Antacids and using medication that decreases the production of HCL What characterizes chronic pancreatitis - Severe pain and blood test shows elevated serum amylase. Pancreatitis impacts the digestive process by leading to enzyme imbalances How do you test for viral hepatitis - Testing blood serology What is required for blood clotting? - Vitamin K What type of reaction would arise if a RH negative patient experiences a second exposure to RH positive blood? - An Antigen-antibody reaction could arise if a Rh negative patient experiences a second exposure to Rh positive blood What are blood diseases - (HALT) Hemophilia (bleeding disorder caused by deficiency of a clotting factor), Aplastic anemia (bone mare failure decreased red cell production), Leukemia (increase in WBC), Thalassemia (hereditary disorders causing impaired hemglobin synthesis)