APEX Psych Final exam study guide 2024(questions and answers)all you need to know

The first research in psychology investigated consciousness using a technique called Introspection A psychologist that might work as a consultant for a large financial service company Industrial Organizational psychologist Behaviorist perspective Observe the effectiveness of rewards for improving academic improvemnt Perspective that places emphasis on personal development and fulfillment of individual potential Humanistic perspective Describes behavior in terms of what best suits an organism in successful reproduction and survival Evolutionary perspective Perspective that states unconscious motivations and desires shape human behavior Psychodynamic Gestalt Organizations pieces of the pattern into a whole picture Carl Rogers Played a key role in the development of humanistic perspective Response Variable Is measured after treatment Negative/Inverse When correlation is negative. Ex: Test scores go down as TV watching time goes up Describes strength and direction of relationship between variables Correlational Practice of repeating experiments on different subjects or under different conditions Replication Double Blind Condition Best method to control placebo effect in experimentor and subject No change, no difference, no new finding Null hypothesis Allows us to draw casual conclusion Experimental research Representative Sample resembles population which you wish to generalize Debreifing Full explanation of nature and purpose of a study after its conclusion Arithmetical average mean Correlation is .82 Strong and Positive correlation Mean is 3, SD is 1, raw score is 4.5 Z-score is 1.5 Examples of nominal data Mental illness, ethnic background, political affiliation Bell Curve Normal distribution Percent of z-scores above 3.00 13 Sum of the difference of scores around the mean Zero Estimates the typical distance of any score from the mean Standard deviation Empiricism Emphasizes that obsevation leads to knowledge Experiment v. Observation In experiment, researches impose a treatment in a group to observe results William James Functionalism Structuralists are closely related to Cognitive Pyschologists Charles Darwin Evolutionary founder Psychometrist Design tests to measure psycholgocial variables Generalizability The extent to which the results can be applied to a larger population Social desirability Tendency to answer interviewer questions to make self looks better, or to answer with what they think the interviewer wants to hear Cognitive emphasis How people encode, store, and retrieve memories Hindsight Bias Tendency to exaggerate the ability top predict the outcome of past events "I knew that would happen.." Language Comprehension Occurs in left hemispphere Stimulate amygdala Increase aggression MRI High quality image of the soft tissue of the brain Corpus Callosum Thick bundle of axons that sallows right and left hemispheres to communicate with each other Myelin Coats axon, allows the nerve impulses to move faster across the synapse Hypothalamus Controls the actions of the endocrine system Somatic Nervous System Voluntary movement