CALT EXAM 2024: QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

CALT EXAM 2024: QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 1. Orton-Gillingham Approach - This instructional method emphasizes multisensory learning, sequencing, gradual progression, individualization, phonics integration, and explicit instruction. 2. CTOPP (Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing) - This assessment evaluates phonological awareness, phonological memory, and rapid naming skills. 3. TOWRE2 (Test of Word Reading Efficiency) - This test, applicable to ages 6-24, measures sight-word recognition and phonetic-decoding efficiency. 4. DIBELS (Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills) - DIBELS comprises brief, one-minute fluency measures to monitor early literacy development regularly. 5. Brigance - This assessment series encompasses various domains such as language development, science, math, and gross motor skills. 6. AimsWeb - AimsWeb is a system for benchmarking and progress monitoring in reading, math, spelling, and writing through frequent, direct assessments. 7. Tier 1 Vocabulary - These are basic words that typically don't require direct instruction and have singular meanings. 8. Tier 2 Vocabulary - These words are essential across different domains and are often taught directly due to their multiple meanings and high-frequency use. 9. Tier 3 Vocabulary - Vocabulary specific to certain domains or contexts, typically lowfrequency and requiring contextual understanding. 10. Decoding - The process of converting written symbols into spoken language by matching letters or combinations to their corresponding sounds. 11. Encoding - Converting auditory information into written symbols. 12. Segmenting - Breaking down words into individual phonemes or syllables. 13. Blending - Combining phonemes to form words or syllables. 14. Deleting - Removing specific phonemes from spoken words. 15. Multidimensional Fluency Scale - A rubric assessing various aspects of reading fluency, including accuracy, expression, volume, phrasing, smoothness, and pace. 16. Sight Words - Words recognized quickly and effortlessly. 17. Nonsense Words - Words with no meaning, often used to assess decoding skills. 18. High Frequency Words - Words commonly used in the English language. 19. Morpheme - The smallest unit of language carrying meaning, including prefixes, suffixes, and root words. 20. Grapheme - Written representation of a sound using one or more letters. 21. Phoneme - The smallest unit of sound in a language. 22. Diphthong - A complex sound formed by combining two vowels within a single syllable. 23. Macron - A diacritical mark indicating a long vowel sound. 24. Breve - A diacritical mark indicating a short vowel or unstressed syllable. 25. Cross out - To eliminate silent letters in words. 26. MSLE Instruction - An instructional approach focusing on explicit, cumulative, and multisensory teaching of language structure. 27. Diagnostic and Prescriptive - Teachers assess students' abilities and tailor instruction accordingly to address weaknesses. 28. Oral Language Development - The development of spoken language skills. 29. Metacognitive Skills - Awareness and understanding of one's own cognitive processes. 30. Signs of Dyslexia - Indicators of difficulty in reading, including trouble with rhyming, letter recognition, decoding, encoding, and more. 31. Automaticity - The ability to perform tasks with minimal conscious effort. 32. Oral Language Skills - Proficiency in spoken language, including pronunciation, vocabulary, syntax, and discourse. 33. Phonemic Awareness - Awareness of individual sounds within spoken words. 34. Phonological Awareness - Awareness of sounds and syllables in spoken language. 35. Letter and Word Recognition - The ability to identify and understand written words. 36. Orthographic Awareness - Understanding of word patterns and conventional spelling. 37. Morphology - Study of word formation and structure. 38. Phonics - Relationship between sounds and letters. 39. Spelling Rules - Guidelines governing correct spelling. 40. WJ-IV (Woodcock-Johnson IV Tests of Cognitive Abilities) - A comprehensive assessment battery measuring cognitive abilities and academic aptitudes. 41. Onsets - Initial phonological units in single-syllable words or syllables. 42. Rimes - String of letters following the initial vowel in a syllable. 43. Circumflex - A diacritical mark indicating pronunciation or lengthening of a vowel. 44. Section 504 - Federal law prohibiting discrimination against individuals with disabilities in federally funded programs. 45. IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act) - Legislation ensuring students with disabilities receive appropriate education tailored to their needs. 46. Syntax - Arrangement of words and phrases to form sentences. 47. Structure of Language - Components including phonetics, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. 48. Dyslexia - Difficulty in reading despite adequate intelligence and educational opportunity.