HCA Exam 2 Ch 5-8
What is technology and the effects? - ANS-Technology raises consumer expectations and
increases demand for it's use
-influences the organization of finance of health service
-moved the practice of medicine toward specialization
-fueled cost escalation
-raised complex medical and ethical issues
What is Medical Technology? - ANS-the practical application of the scientific body of
knowledge to improve the delivery of medical care
-medical tech benefited from other applied sciences (physics, chemistry, engineering)
Nanotechnology - ANSdeveloping area where materials are manipulated at the atomic and
molecular levels for a better diagnosis and treatment (cancer)
Examples of Medical Technology - ANS-Diagnostic Equipment
-Equipment and devices to render treatment
-Pharmaceuticals
-Medical Procedures
-Facilities and organizational systems
What are the main categories of Health Information Technology? - ANS-clinical information
systems
-administrative information systems
-decision support systems
-internet and e-health
Clinical information systems - ANSIT applications that support patient care delivery
administrative information systems - ANSdesigned to assist in carrying out financial and
administrative support activities (payroll, patient accounting, staff scheduling, materials
management, budgeting and cost control and office automation)
decision support system - ANSprovide information and analytical tools to support managerial
decision making. (patient volume, project staffing requirements, evaluate financial
performance, analyze utilization, conduct clinical research, and improve quality and
productivity)
Clinical Decision Support System - ANSinteractive software systems designed to help
clinicians with decision-making tasks (determine diagnosis or recommending a treatment for
patients)
Internet and e-health - ANS-enable patients and practitioners to access information, facilitate
interaction between consumers or between the patient and providers.
,-Add certain conveniences for both physicians and patients.
-allowing the possibility of virtual visits online with a patient and physician
What are the four basic components of Electronic Health Records? - ANS-collection and
storage of health information on individual patients
-access to information by authorized users
-knowledge and decision support to enhance quality, safety, and efficiency
-improve health care process
HITECH Act of 2009 - ANS-Provided incentive payments to hospitals and healthcare
providers to adopt health IT.
-"Meaningful Use"- criteria required to be met that demonstrated meaningful use of
electronic health records (EHR). EHR technology must be used to achieve certain
objectives.
HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) 1996 - ANS-Address access to
and transfer of personal medical information
-authorize use of information for care delivery, operations, reimbursement
-Patients have the right to inspect, obtain copies, request corrections, or restrict use of their
information
Internet, E-Health, E-Therapy - ANS-E-Health are all forms of electronic health care
delivered over the internet (information, education, products and services)
-Applications (patient registration, ordering pharmaceuticals, physicians get a head start on
hospital rounds, virtual visits)
-E-Therapy- online interactions between a mental health professional and patient
Telemedicine or distance medicine - ANS-employs telecommunications technology for
medical diagnosis and patient care when the provider and the client are separated by
distance
-Issues include (licensure across state lines, legal liability, lack of reimbursement,
unsubstantiated cost-effectiveness)
Remote in-home Monitoring - ANS-vital signs, blood pressure, glucose levels, etc
-high level patient satisfaction
-reduce hospitalizations
-Tele-ICU- a system that utilizes remote monitoring tech to promote the efficient deployment
of intensivist and critical care resource
-Real-time patient assessment and communication with bedside teams
-Lower morality, shorter length of stay, and increased patient safety
Diffusion and Utilization of Medical Technology: Technology Diffusion - ANS-Development
and dissemination of technology
-tech more readily available in the US than is most other countries.
-Little is done to limit the expansion of new medical technology
-other countries control costs by limiting availability and use of tech through supply rationing
(long waits, reduce access)
-R&D spending drives innovation
, -Tech is developed, use is almost confirmed
-R&D spending is in the private sector
Reasons for High Rates of Diffusion and Utilization in the US - ANS-cultural beliefs and
values
-medical training and practice
-insurance coverage
- competition among providers
Cultural Beliefs and Values - ANS-Capitalism and lack of government intervention promotes
innovation
-Americans have high expectation of finding cures through science and technology
-Tech imperative: desire to have state of the art technology available and to us it despite the
cost
Medical Training and Practice - ANS-Specialists use more technology than primary care
physicians.
-American medical graduates increasingly choose specialization over primary care.
Insurance Coverage - ANS-insulates both patients and providers from the utilization and cost
of health care
-lack of checks and balances in the US to determine the appropriateness of high cost
services
Competition Among Providers - ANSSpecialization used to attract insured patients and to
recruit specialists. Creating a perception of high quality
Mechanisms to Control the Growth of Technology - ANS-Implement central planning to
determine how much technology will be made available and where
-Withdraw federal funding for R&D
-Change the patterns of medical training, placing greater emphasis on primary care practice
-Reduce the number of specialty residency slots for medical graduates
-Curtail insurance payments for expensive medical treatments
-Impose controls on pharmaceutical prices, which in turn will make less money available for
R&D and development of new drugs
Government's Role in Technology Diffusion - ANS-Federal legislation has been aimed mainly
at addressing concerns related to safety, benefits, and risks involved with medical
technology
-government plays the role in funding R&D
Regulation of drugs, devices and biologics - ANS-Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
agency of the US department of Health and Human Services
-Responsible for ensuring that drugs and medical devices that are safe and effective for
intended use
Legislation to Regulate device - ANS3 Classes
-CLASS 1: lowest risk; require general controls regarding illegal claims
What is technology and the effects? - ANS-Technology raises consumer expectations and
increases demand for it's use
-influences the organization of finance of health service
-moved the practice of medicine toward specialization
-fueled cost escalation
-raised complex medical and ethical issues
What is Medical Technology? - ANS-the practical application of the scientific body of
knowledge to improve the delivery of medical care
-medical tech benefited from other applied sciences (physics, chemistry, engineering)
Nanotechnology - ANSdeveloping area where materials are manipulated at the atomic and
molecular levels for a better diagnosis and treatment (cancer)
Examples of Medical Technology - ANS-Diagnostic Equipment
-Equipment and devices to render treatment
-Pharmaceuticals
-Medical Procedures
-Facilities and organizational systems
What are the main categories of Health Information Technology? - ANS-clinical information
systems
-administrative information systems
-decision support systems
-internet and e-health
Clinical information systems - ANSIT applications that support patient care delivery
administrative information systems - ANSdesigned to assist in carrying out financial and
administrative support activities (payroll, patient accounting, staff scheduling, materials
management, budgeting and cost control and office automation)
decision support system - ANSprovide information and analytical tools to support managerial
decision making. (patient volume, project staffing requirements, evaluate financial
performance, analyze utilization, conduct clinical research, and improve quality and
productivity)
Clinical Decision Support System - ANSinteractive software systems designed to help
clinicians with decision-making tasks (determine diagnosis or recommending a treatment for
patients)
Internet and e-health - ANS-enable patients and practitioners to access information, facilitate
interaction between consumers or between the patient and providers.
,-Add certain conveniences for both physicians and patients.
-allowing the possibility of virtual visits online with a patient and physician
What are the four basic components of Electronic Health Records? - ANS-collection and
storage of health information on individual patients
-access to information by authorized users
-knowledge and decision support to enhance quality, safety, and efficiency
-improve health care process
HITECH Act of 2009 - ANS-Provided incentive payments to hospitals and healthcare
providers to adopt health IT.
-"Meaningful Use"- criteria required to be met that demonstrated meaningful use of
electronic health records (EHR). EHR technology must be used to achieve certain
objectives.
HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) 1996 - ANS-Address access to
and transfer of personal medical information
-authorize use of information for care delivery, operations, reimbursement
-Patients have the right to inspect, obtain copies, request corrections, or restrict use of their
information
Internet, E-Health, E-Therapy - ANS-E-Health are all forms of electronic health care
delivered over the internet (information, education, products and services)
-Applications (patient registration, ordering pharmaceuticals, physicians get a head start on
hospital rounds, virtual visits)
-E-Therapy- online interactions between a mental health professional and patient
Telemedicine or distance medicine - ANS-employs telecommunications technology for
medical diagnosis and patient care when the provider and the client are separated by
distance
-Issues include (licensure across state lines, legal liability, lack of reimbursement,
unsubstantiated cost-effectiveness)
Remote in-home Monitoring - ANS-vital signs, blood pressure, glucose levels, etc
-high level patient satisfaction
-reduce hospitalizations
-Tele-ICU- a system that utilizes remote monitoring tech to promote the efficient deployment
of intensivist and critical care resource
-Real-time patient assessment and communication with bedside teams
-Lower morality, shorter length of stay, and increased patient safety
Diffusion and Utilization of Medical Technology: Technology Diffusion - ANS-Development
and dissemination of technology
-tech more readily available in the US than is most other countries.
-Little is done to limit the expansion of new medical technology
-other countries control costs by limiting availability and use of tech through supply rationing
(long waits, reduce access)
-R&D spending drives innovation
, -Tech is developed, use is almost confirmed
-R&D spending is in the private sector
Reasons for High Rates of Diffusion and Utilization in the US - ANS-cultural beliefs and
values
-medical training and practice
-insurance coverage
- competition among providers
Cultural Beliefs and Values - ANS-Capitalism and lack of government intervention promotes
innovation
-Americans have high expectation of finding cures through science and technology
-Tech imperative: desire to have state of the art technology available and to us it despite the
cost
Medical Training and Practice - ANS-Specialists use more technology than primary care
physicians.
-American medical graduates increasingly choose specialization over primary care.
Insurance Coverage - ANS-insulates both patients and providers from the utilization and cost
of health care
-lack of checks and balances in the US to determine the appropriateness of high cost
services
Competition Among Providers - ANSSpecialization used to attract insured patients and to
recruit specialists. Creating a perception of high quality
Mechanisms to Control the Growth of Technology - ANS-Implement central planning to
determine how much technology will be made available and where
-Withdraw federal funding for R&D
-Change the patterns of medical training, placing greater emphasis on primary care practice
-Reduce the number of specialty residency slots for medical graduates
-Curtail insurance payments for expensive medical treatments
-Impose controls on pharmaceutical prices, which in turn will make less money available for
R&D and development of new drugs
Government's Role in Technology Diffusion - ANS-Federal legislation has been aimed mainly
at addressing concerns related to safety, benefits, and risks involved with medical
technology
-government plays the role in funding R&D
Regulation of drugs, devices and biologics - ANS-Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
agency of the US department of Health and Human Services
-Responsible for ensuring that drugs and medical devices that are safe and effective for
intended use
Legislation to Regulate device - ANS3 Classes
-CLASS 1: lowest risk; require general controls regarding illegal claims
