, Ch vb arles A.vb
Higgins, Bo Lou
vb vb vb
Chapter 1-24 vb
Chapter 1 vb
MEASUREMENT
Chapter 1 is important because all quantitative knowledge about our physical
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
vb environment is based on measurement. Some chapter sections have been reorganized and
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
vb rewritten for clarity. The 1.2 Section, ―Scientific Investigation,‖ introduces the student to
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
the procedures for scientific investigation.
vb vb vb vb vb v b Major terms such as experiment, law,
vb vb vb vb vb
hypothesis, theory and scientific method are introduced. The idea that physical science
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
,vb deals with quantitative knowledge should be stressed. It is not enough to know that a car
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
vb is going ―fast‖; it is necessary to know how fast.
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
A good understanding of units is of the utmost importance, particularly with the
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
vb metric- British use in the United States today. The metric SI is introduced and explained.
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
Both the metric and the British systems are used in the book in the early chapters for
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
vb familiarity. The instructor may decide to do examples primarily in the metric system, but
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
vb the student should get some practice in converting between the systems. This provides
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
vb knowledge of the comparative size of similar units in the different systems and makes
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
vb the student feel comfortable using what may be unfamiliar metric units. The Highlight,
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
―Is Unit Conversion Important? It Sure Is,‖ illustrates the importance of unit conversion.
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
The general theme of the chapter and the textbook is the students’ position in his
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
vb or her physical world. Show the students that they know about their environment and
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
vb themselves through measurements. Measurements are involved in the answers to such
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
vb questions as, How old are you? How much do you weigh? How tall are you? What is
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
vb the normal body temperature?
vb vb vb
How much money do you have? These and many other technical questions are resolved or
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
vb answered by measurements and quantitative analyses.
vb vb vb vb vb
DEMONSTRATIONS
Have a meter stick, a yardstick, a timer, one or more kilogram masses, a one-liter beaker
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
vb or a liter soda container, a one-quart container, and a balance or scales available on the
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
vb instructor’s desk. Demonstrate the comparative units. The meter stick can be compared to
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
vb the yardstick to show the difference between them, along with the subunits of inches and
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
vb centimeters. The liter and quart also can be compared. Pass the kilogram mass around the
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
vb classroom so that students can get some
vb vb vb vb vb vb
,idea of the amount of mass in one kilogram. Mass and weight may be compared on the
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
balance and scales.
vb vb vb
When discussing Section 1.6, ―Derived Units and Conversion Factors,‖ have class
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
members guess the length of the instructor’s desk in metric and British units. Then have
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
several students independently measure the length with the meter stick and yardstick.
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
Compare the measurements in terms of significant figures and units. Compare the
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
averages of the measurements and estimates. Convert the average metric measurement to
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
British units, and vice versa, to practice conversion factors and to see how the
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
measurements compare.
vb vb
Various metric unit demonstrations are available from commercial sources.
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
ANSWERS TO MATCHING QUESTIONS vb vb vb
a. 15vb v b v b b. 8 vb v b v b c. 10 vb v b v b d. 2 vb v b v b e. 19 vbf. 14 v b v b vb g. 21 h. 13
vb vb i. 18 j. 6
vb vb v b v b k. 11 l. 3
vb vb
m. 12 n. 1 vb vb o. 9 vb
p. 4 vb v b v b q. 23 vb r. 17 s. 5
vb vb t. 20vb v b v b u. 16 vb v. 22 vb w. 7 vb
ANSWERS TO MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS vb vb vb
1.c 2. b 3. c 4. b 5. b 6. c 7. d 8. b
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb v b v b 9. d vb 10. c 11. b 12. b
vb vb vb v b v b 13. a vb v b 14.
b
vb
ANSWERS TO FILL-IN-THE-BLANK QUESTIONS vb vb vb
1. biological 2. hypothesis 3. scientific method 4. sight, hearing 5. limitations 6. less
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
9
7. longer 8. fundamental 9. time or second 10. one-billion, 10
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb 11. liter vb
12. mass vb 13. less vb
ANSWERS TO SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS vb vb vb
1. An organized body of knowledge about the natural universe by which knowledge is
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
vb acquired and tested. vb vb
2. Physics, chemistry, astronomy, meteorology, and geology.
vb vb vb vb vb
3. The 5 elements of scientific method are:
vb vb vb vb vb vb
1. Observations and Measurements, vb vb
2. Hypothesis,
3. Experiments,
4. Theory, and vb
5. Law.
4. Hypothesis
, 5. A law is a concise statement about a fundamental relationship of nature. A theory is
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
vb a well- tested explanation of a broad segment of natural phenomena.
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
6. It illustrates the need to improve the standard of education among the general public
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
vb and to emphasize the importance of a well-developed scientific method.
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
7. Sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell.
vb vb vb vb vb
8. They have limitations and can be deceived, thus providing false information
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
vb about our environment.vb vb
9. (a) No. vb v b (b) Yes. vb v b (c) Lower line.
vb vb
10. A fixed and reproducible value.
vb vb vb vb
11. They are the most basic quantities of which we can think. And they are not
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
vb dependent on other physical quantities. vb vb vb vb
12. A group of standard units and their combinations.
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
13. mile/hour
14. No, the United States is the only major country that has not gone completely metric.
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
15. Kilogram, a platinum-iridium cylinder. vb vb vb
16. Mass. Weight varies with gravity.
vb vb vb vb
17. Meter-kilogram-second, International System of Units, and centimeter-gram-second. vb vb vb vb vb vb
18. Base 10 easier to use (factors of 10).
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
19. kilo- (k), mega- (M), milli- (m), micro- (µ)
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
20. Mass of a cubic liter of water.
vb vb vb vb vb vb
21. kg/cubic meter. vb
22. Three fundamental quantities generally used are: Length(m), Mass(Kg),
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
and Time(s).
vb vb
23. The compactness of matter.
vb vb vb
24. It is given a new name.
vb vb vb vb vb
25. No. An equation must be equal in magnitude and units.
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
26. Yes. And it could be confused with ―meters‖ instead of ―miles.‖
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
27. To express measured numbers properly.
vb vb vb vb
28. The 3 rules for determining significant figures are:
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
1. Non-zero digits are always significant, vb vb vb vb
Higgins, Bo Lou
vb vb vb
Chapter 1-24 vb
Chapter 1 vb
MEASUREMENT
Chapter 1 is important because all quantitative knowledge about our physical
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
vb environment is based on measurement. Some chapter sections have been reorganized and
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
vb rewritten for clarity. The 1.2 Section, ―Scientific Investigation,‖ introduces the student to
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
the procedures for scientific investigation.
vb vb vb vb vb v b Major terms such as experiment, law,
vb vb vb vb vb
hypothesis, theory and scientific method are introduced. The idea that physical science
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
,vb deals with quantitative knowledge should be stressed. It is not enough to know that a car
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
vb is going ―fast‖; it is necessary to know how fast.
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
A good understanding of units is of the utmost importance, particularly with the
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
vb metric- British use in the United States today. The metric SI is introduced and explained.
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
Both the metric and the British systems are used in the book in the early chapters for
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
vb familiarity. The instructor may decide to do examples primarily in the metric system, but
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
vb the student should get some practice in converting between the systems. This provides
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
vb knowledge of the comparative size of similar units in the different systems and makes
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
vb the student feel comfortable using what may be unfamiliar metric units. The Highlight,
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
―Is Unit Conversion Important? It Sure Is,‖ illustrates the importance of unit conversion.
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
The general theme of the chapter and the textbook is the students’ position in his
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
vb or her physical world. Show the students that they know about their environment and
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
vb themselves through measurements. Measurements are involved in the answers to such
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
vb questions as, How old are you? How much do you weigh? How tall are you? What is
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
vb the normal body temperature?
vb vb vb
How much money do you have? These and many other technical questions are resolved or
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
vb answered by measurements and quantitative analyses.
vb vb vb vb vb
DEMONSTRATIONS
Have a meter stick, a yardstick, a timer, one or more kilogram masses, a one-liter beaker
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
vb or a liter soda container, a one-quart container, and a balance or scales available on the
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
vb instructor’s desk. Demonstrate the comparative units. The meter stick can be compared to
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
vb the yardstick to show the difference between them, along with the subunits of inches and
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
vb centimeters. The liter and quart also can be compared. Pass the kilogram mass around the
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
vb classroom so that students can get some
vb vb vb vb vb vb
,idea of the amount of mass in one kilogram. Mass and weight may be compared on the
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
balance and scales.
vb vb vb
When discussing Section 1.6, ―Derived Units and Conversion Factors,‖ have class
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
members guess the length of the instructor’s desk in metric and British units. Then have
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
several students independently measure the length with the meter stick and yardstick.
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
Compare the measurements in terms of significant figures and units. Compare the
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
averages of the measurements and estimates. Convert the average metric measurement to
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
British units, and vice versa, to practice conversion factors and to see how the
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
measurements compare.
vb vb
Various metric unit demonstrations are available from commercial sources.
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
ANSWERS TO MATCHING QUESTIONS vb vb vb
a. 15vb v b v b b. 8 vb v b v b c. 10 vb v b v b d. 2 vb v b v b e. 19 vbf. 14 v b v b vb g. 21 h. 13
vb vb i. 18 j. 6
vb vb v b v b k. 11 l. 3
vb vb
m. 12 n. 1 vb vb o. 9 vb
p. 4 vb v b v b q. 23 vb r. 17 s. 5
vb vb t. 20vb v b v b u. 16 vb v. 22 vb w. 7 vb
ANSWERS TO MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS vb vb vb
1.c 2. b 3. c 4. b 5. b 6. c 7. d 8. b
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb v b v b 9. d vb 10. c 11. b 12. b
vb vb vb v b v b 13. a vb v b 14.
b
vb
ANSWERS TO FILL-IN-THE-BLANK QUESTIONS vb vb vb
1. biological 2. hypothesis 3. scientific method 4. sight, hearing 5. limitations 6. less
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
9
7. longer 8. fundamental 9. time or second 10. one-billion, 10
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb 11. liter vb
12. mass vb 13. less vb
ANSWERS TO SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS vb vb vb
1. An organized body of knowledge about the natural universe by which knowledge is
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
vb acquired and tested. vb vb
2. Physics, chemistry, astronomy, meteorology, and geology.
vb vb vb vb vb
3. The 5 elements of scientific method are:
vb vb vb vb vb vb
1. Observations and Measurements, vb vb
2. Hypothesis,
3. Experiments,
4. Theory, and vb
5. Law.
4. Hypothesis
, 5. A law is a concise statement about a fundamental relationship of nature. A theory is
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
vb a well- tested explanation of a broad segment of natural phenomena.
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
6. It illustrates the need to improve the standard of education among the general public
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
vb and to emphasize the importance of a well-developed scientific method.
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
7. Sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell.
vb vb vb vb vb
8. They have limitations and can be deceived, thus providing false information
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
vb about our environment.vb vb
9. (a) No. vb v b (b) Yes. vb v b (c) Lower line.
vb vb
10. A fixed and reproducible value.
vb vb vb vb
11. They are the most basic quantities of which we can think. And they are not
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
vb dependent on other physical quantities. vb vb vb vb
12. A group of standard units and their combinations.
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
13. mile/hour
14. No, the United States is the only major country that has not gone completely metric.
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
15. Kilogram, a platinum-iridium cylinder. vb vb vb
16. Mass. Weight varies with gravity.
vb vb vb vb
17. Meter-kilogram-second, International System of Units, and centimeter-gram-second. vb vb vb vb vb vb
18. Base 10 easier to use (factors of 10).
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
19. kilo- (k), mega- (M), milli- (m), micro- (µ)
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
20. Mass of a cubic liter of water.
vb vb vb vb vb vb
21. kg/cubic meter. vb
22. Three fundamental quantities generally used are: Length(m), Mass(Kg),
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
and Time(s).
vb vb
23. The compactness of matter.
vb vb vb
24. It is given a new name.
vb vb vb vb vb
25. No. An equation must be equal in magnitude and units.
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
26. Yes. And it could be confused with ―meters‖ instead of ―miles.‖
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
27. To express measured numbers properly.
vb vb vb vb
28. The 3 rules for determining significant figures are:
vb vb vb vb vb vb vb
1. Non-zero digits are always significant, vb vb vb vb
