WGU Biochem C785: Unit 4 DNA and RNA Already Passed

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) An organisms genetic material found in the nucleus of a cell Double stranded helical nucleic acid molecule consisting of nucleotide monomers with deoxyribose sugar and nitrogenous bases (A, C, G, T) capable of replicating Which nucleotides/bases are used in DNA? A - Adenine C - Cystine G - Guanine T - Thymine RNA (ribonucleic acid) A nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and nitrogenous bases (A, C, G, U) Usually single stranded Functions in protein synthesis, gene regulation, and as the genome of some viruses Central Dogma DNA - RNA - Protein DNA - Transcription -mRNA - Translation - ProteinThe process by which the instructions in DNA are converted into a functional product The flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA protein Which nucleotides/bases are used in RNA? A - Adenine C - Cystine G - Guanine U - Uracil Which nucleotides/bases pair together to form DNA? A - T C - G Which nucleotides/bases pair together to form RNA? A - U C - G Genes A segment of a DNA molecule that information or directions on how to build a protein Gene Expression When a gene in DNA is "turned on" or used to make the protein is specifies Includes 2 Stages: Transcription and TranslationNucleotides Basic units of DNA molecule, composed of a sugar, a phosphate, and one of 4 DNA bases Antiparallel The opposite arrangement of the sugar-phosphate backbones in a DNA double helix (5'-3', 3'-5') Complementary (coding) Strand A strand of DNA or RNA that has complementary bases to the template strand, another strand of DNA or RNA Ex/ During DNA replication, the new strand that is formed is a complementary strand Complementary Bases: A-U, C-G Runs in 5' to 3' direction Template DNA The piece of DNA that the RNA polymerase enzyme assembles the messenger (mRNA) along. Called a template because it fits the formal definition fo a template Coding DNA The opposite strand of DNA in the double helix The complementary, antiparallel partner DNA strand