Developmental Stages: Infancy to Adolescents

Developmental Stages: Infancy to Adolescents The clinic nurse is preparing to explain the concepts of Kohlberg's theory of moral development with a parent. The nurse should tell the parent that which factor motivates good and bad actions for the child at the preconventional level? - ANSWER Punishment and reward The maternity nurse is providing instructions to a new mother regarding the psychosocial development of the newborn infant. Using Erikson's psychosocial development theory, the nurse instructs the mother to take which measure? - ANSWER Allow the newborn infant to signal a need. The nurse notes that a 6-year-old child does not recognize that objects exist even when the objects are outside of the visual field. Based on this observation, which action should the nurse take - ANSWER Report the observation to the health care provider. A nursing student is presenting a clinical conference to peers regarding Freud's psychosexual stages of development, specifically the anal stage. The student explains to the group that which characteristic relates to this stage of development? - ANSWER This stage is associated with toilet training. The nurse is describing Piaget's cognitive developmental theory to pediatric nursing staff. The nurse should tell that staff that which child behavior is characteristic of the formal operations stage? - ANSWER The child has the ability to think abstractly. The mother of an 8-year-old child tells the clinic nurse that she is concerned about the child because the child seems to be more attentive to friends than anything else. Using Erikson's psychosocial development theory, the nurse should make which response - ANSWER "At this age, the child is developing his own personality." The nurse educator is preparing to conduct a teaching session for the nursing staff regarding the theories of growth and development and plans to discuss Kohlberg's theory of moral development. What information should the nurse include in the session? Select all that apply. - ANSWER -Moral development progresses in relationship to cognitive development. -A person's ability to make moral judgments develops over a period of time -The theory provides a framework for understanding how individuals determine a moral code to guide their behavior -In stage 2 (instrumental-relativist orientation), the child conforms to rules to obtain rewards or have favors returned. A parent of a 3-year-old tells a clinic nurse that the child is rebelling constantly and having temper tantrums. Using Erikson's psychosocial development theory, which instructions should the nurse provide to the parent? Select all that apply. - ANSWER - Set limits on the child's behavior. -Provide a simple explanation of why the behavior is unacceptable. A 4-year-old child diagnosed with leukemia is hospitalized for chemotherapy. The child is fearful of the hospitalization. Which nursing intervention should be implemented to alleviate the child's fears? - ANSWER Encourage the child's parents to stay with the child. A 16-year-old client is admitted to the hospital for acute appendicitis and an appendectomy is performed. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate to facilitate normal growth and development postoperatively? - ANSWER Allow the client to interact with others in his or her (adolescent) same age group. Which car safety device should be used for a child who is 8 years old and 4 feet tall? - ANSWER Booster seat The nurse assesses the vital signs of a 12-month-old infant with a respiratory infection and notes that the respiratory rate is 35 breaths/minute. On the basis of this finding, which action is most appropriate - ANSWER Document the findings. The nurse is monitoring a 3-month-old infant for signs of increased intracranial pressure. On palpation of the fontanels, the nurse notes that the anterior fontanel is soft and flat. On the basis of this finding, which nursing action is most appropriate? - ANSWER Document the finding. The nurse is evaluating the developmental level of a 2-year-old. Which does the nurse expect to observe in this child? - ANSWER Uses a cup to drink A 2-year-old child is treated in the emergency department for a burn to the chest and abdomen. The child sustained the burn by grabbing a cup of hot coffee that was left on the kitchen counter. The nurse reviews safety principles with the parents before discharge. Which statement by the parents indicates an understanding of measures to provide safety in the home? - ANSWER "We will be sure not to leave hot liquids unattended." A mother arrives at a clinic with her toddler and tells the nurse that she has a difficult time getting the child to go to bed at night. What measure is most appropriate for the nurse to suggest to the mother? - ANSWER Inform the child of bedtime a few minutes before it is time for bed. The mother of a 3-year-old is concerned because her child still is insisting on a bottle at nap time and at bedtime. Which is the most appropriate suggestion to the mother? - ANSWER Allow the bottle if it contains water. The nurse is preparing to care for a 5-year-old who has been placed in traction following a fracture of the femur. The nurse plans care, knowing that which is the most appropriate activity for this child? - ANSWER Crayons and a coloring book The mother of a 3-year-old asks a clinic nurse about appropriate and safe toys for the child. The nurse should tell the mother that the most appropriate toy for a 3-year-old is which? - ANSWER A wag