Chapter 03: Fluid, Electrolytes, Acid-Base Balance, and Intravenous Therapy deWit: Medical-Surgical Nursing: Concepts & Practice, 4th Edition

Chapter 03: Fluid, Electrolytes, Acid-Base Balance, and Intravenous Therapy deWit: Medical-Surgical Nursing: Concepts & Practice, 4th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The nurse uses a diagram to demonstrate how in dehydration the water is drawn into the plasma from the cells by which process? a. Distillation b. Diffusion c. Filtration d. Osmosis ANS: D The process of osmosis accomplishes the movement of water from the cells into the plasma, causing dehydration. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 32 OBJ: 3 (theory) TOP: Dehydration KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation 2. The nurse assessing a patient with vomiting and diarrhea observes that the urine is scant and concentrated. Which controlling factor is responsible for compensatory reabsorption of water? a. Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus b. Antidiuretic hormone in the posterior pituitary c. Baroreceptors in the carotid sinus d. Insulin from the pancreas ANS: B The antidiuretic hormone controls how much water leaves the body by reabsorbing water in the renal tubules. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 30 OBJ: 2 (theory) TOP: Regulation of Body Fluids KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation 3. The nurse uses a picture to show how ions equalize their concentration by which passive transport process? a. Osmosis b. Filtration c. Titration d. Diffusion ANS: D Diffusion is the process by which substances move back and forth across compartment membranes until they are equally divided. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 31 OBJ: 2 (theory) TOP: Diffusion KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation 4. Which term describes the active transport