BIOD 121 (Portage): Module 3 questions with answer -2024

Energy balance - answer a state when one's energy intake is equivalent to the amount of energy expended Energy in equals energy out (calories consumed is burned through basic body functions + exercise - answer energy balance positive energy balance - answer occurs if more calories (energy) are consumed than expended examples of periods in life when you need to be in a positive energy balance state: - answer pregnancy, childhood, and adolescence in growth spurts 1 pound in a week is equivalent to : - answer 500 extra calories a day Hyperplasia - answer an increase in the number of fat cells often occurring during periods of growth, such as adolescence or pregnancy Hypertrophy - answer an increase in the size of fat cells, most often seen in periods of low growth and maintenance, such as throughout adulthood Negative energy balance - answer occurs if fewer calories are consumed than calories expended Examples of negative energy balance situations: - answer during illness or trauma, major burn injury, intentional act such as dieting to meet a weight loss goal Our sole source of energy intake is from: - answer food and beverages Energy can be expended naturally via _____________ , _____________, and _________________ - answer basal metabolism, the thermic effect of food, and thermogenesis Energy can be expended intentionally through _______________ - answer physical activity (aka exercise) Two major components of energy expenditure are: - answer basal metabolic rate and physical activity Basal metabolic rate (BMR) - answer the number of calories used by the body while in a fasting state and accounts for approximately 60-70% of energy expenditure