(Summary) Pharmacology (Musculoskeletal System Medications).

Summary) Pharmacology (Musculoskeletal System Medications). Inflammation normal body response to tissue damage, body's attempt to remove damaging agent & repair damaged tissue (pain, edema, redness, heat, loss of function) Cyclooxygenase (COX) is the enzyme responsible for synthesis of prostanoids COX-1 good COX, present in all tissues, primarily mediates beneficial processes: protecting gastric mucosa, supporting renal function, promoting platelet aggregation Inhibition of COX-1 results largely in harmful effects: gastic erosion & ulceration, bleeding tendencies, & renal impairment. Protection against MI & stroke COX-2 bad COX, primarily mediates harmful processes COX-2 sites of tissue injury mediates inflammation & sensitizes receptors to painful stimuli COX-2 brain mediates fever & contributes to perception of pain COX-2 kidney supports renal function COX-2 blood vessels promotes vasodilation COX-2 colon contributes to colon cancer Inhibition of COX-2 beneficial effects suppression of inflammation, alleviation of pain, reduction of fever, protection against colorectal cancer Inhibition of COX-2 adverse effects renal impairment, promotion of MI & stroke NSAID inhibit COX-1 (decreased platelet aggregation & kidney damage) & inhibit COX-2 (decreased inflammation, fever, & pain NSAIDs therapeutic uses inflammation suppression, analgesia for mild to moderate pain, fever reduction, inhibition of platelet aggregation (aspirin) NSAIDs adverse effects GI discomfort, GI bleeding & perforation, renal dysfunction, increase risk of heart attack & stroke NSAIDs considerations stop taking aspirin 1 week before elective surgery, take w. food, milk, or water, notify provider if symptoms of gastric discomfort or salicylism occur Salicylates medications