TTU ZOOL 2403 Boros Final Exam Questions + Answers Graded A+

seminiferous tubules - Answer-The testes contain ____ ____ sperm are produced The Juxtaglomerular Apparatus is a(n) ___ composed of macula densa which are specialized epithelial cells in the Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT) - Answer-Endocrine structure If decreased blood pressure is sensed by the Juxtaglomerular (JG) cells, the JG cells release the hormone renin, which activates angiotensin (also hormone). Angiotensin causes vasoconstriction and secretion of aldosterone (mineralocorticoid hormone) by the adrenal cortex. - Answer-How Distal Convoluted Tubule regulates blood pressure and volume Angiotensin causes: - Answer-Vasoconstriction; and secretion of aldosterone (mineralocorticoid hormone) by the adrenal cortex Aldosterone causes DCT cells: - Answer-Increase Sodium reabsorption (H2O always follows Na), and both are returned to the blood which increases blood pressure and volume. If increased blood pressure is sensed by stretch receptors of the heart walls: - Answer-the atria of the heart releases atrial Natriuretic Peptide which decreases Na & H2O at the DCT, so increased Na & H2O excretion into the urine resulting in lower blood pressure and volume. Composition of a Primordial follicle: - Answer-simple squamous epithelium ("follicle cells") surrounding What the ovary only contains from birth until puberty: - Answer-Primordial follicles At puberty and each month in response to Follicle Stimulating Hormone, about 12 primordial follicles mature into _______ follicles. - Answer-Primary Primary follicles then mature into bigger _________ follicles. - Answer-Secondary Each month, only 1 of the 12 maturing follicles develops into a bigger _______ follicle. - AnswerTertiaryDuring development of a tertiary follicle, small cavities between the epithelial cells fuse into a single large cavity of fluid called the _____. - Answer-Antrum ___ produce Estrogen and begin to secrete fluid which accumulates in many small cavities between epithelial cells. - Answer-Epithelial cells of a secondary follicle During development of a Tertiary follicle, the oocyte bulges into ____, seperates from the ____, and then floats free in the ____. - Answer-antrum, follicle, antrum Epithelial cells of a Tertiary follicle produce a lot of ____, leading to an ____ ____. - Answer-estrogen, estrogen surge After development of a tertiary follicle this leads to an estrogen surge, leading to a ____ Horomone surge. - Answer-Luteinizing The Luteinizing Hormone surge leads to: - Answer-Ovulation Ovulation is the: - Answer-Release of the oocyte from the ovarian follicle The corpus luteum is formed by: - Answer-The empty tertiary follicle (only epithelial cells left) The corpus luteum's epithelial cells begin to produce: - Answer-Progesterone Progesterone prepares the ____ ____ for pregnancy - Answer-Uterine lining Produces the sperm portion of semen. - Answer-Testes The Duct System in testes - Answer-Transports the semen Produces the fluid portion of the semen - Answer-Glands Releases the semen - Answer-PenisSpermatagonia - Answer-Sperm stem cells, the earliest stage of sperm Sertoli Cells - Answer-supports spermatogenesis by: -provide nutrients and chemical stemuli for development -Phagoctyize cytoplasm shed by developing sperm Sertoli cells are stimulated by hormones: - Answer-Follicle Stimulating Hormone and Testosterone Leydig Cells - Answer--In connective tissue between seminiferous tubules -Stimulated by Luteinizing Hormone to secrete testosterone Testosterone: - Answer--stimulates spermatogenesis (maturation of sperm) -promotes libido and related behaviors -Establishes male secondary sex characteristics (facial hair, increased muscle mass, and body size) Dartos Muscle - Answer-smooth muscle that wrinkles scrotum skin to reduce heat loss. Cremaster Muscle - Answer--Layer of skeletal muscle deep to scrotum skin. -Elevates or suspends the testes in order to regulate temperature -Component of spermatic cord Corpus Spongiosum - Answer-Surrounds the penile urethra, expands to form the glans penis(distal end) Cylindrical columns of erectile tissue (venous plexuses) - Answer-What the penis is composed of. Semen, Urethra - Answer-Peristaltic contractions of smooth muscle in the walls of the ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, and prostate glad, pushes _____ into _____. The Prostate Gland - Answer-Produces 20-30% of the semenGlands - Answer-Produces the fluid component of semen. Seminal Vesicles, Prostate Gland, Bulbourethral Glands - Answer-The glands that produce the fluid component of semen include: Seminal Vesicles - Answer-The _____ _____ produce about 60% of semen volume Semen fluids contain: - Answer--fructose (energy for sperm) -prostaglandins (stimulate smooth muscle contractions in male and female) -fibrinogen (forms temporary clot in vagina) A typical ejaculation releases: - Answer--2-5ml of semen -20-100 million spermatazoa/ml Function of Cardiovascular system - Answer-To transport materials to and from all cells in the body Materials transported by cardiovascular system - Answer--O2 and CO2 -nutrients -hormones -immune system components -waste products