Ignaz Semmelweis Chapter 9: Physical and Chemical Control Of Microbes Rated A+

Ignaz Semmelweis Chapter 9: Physical and Chemical Control Of Microbes Rated A+ discuss the historical roles played by Ignaz Semmelweis and Joseph Lister in preventing the spread of infection. (you will probably have to do a little Internet research to find out more information about these two men) -Ignaz Semmelweis: Semmelweis recommended that hands be scrubbed in a chlorinated lime solution before every patient contact and particularly after leaving the autopsy room (women's infection rates that gave birth in the hospital were higher than those who gave birth at home) -Joseph Lister: introduced carbolic acid (now known as phenol) to sterilize surgical instruments and to clean wounds (aseptic techniques) define the following key terms related to microbial control: sterilization, disinfection, antisepsis, bactericide, germicide, bacteriostasis, sanitization, and asepsis -asepsis: any practice that prevents the entry of infectious agents into sterile tissue -sterilization: removing all microbial life -disinfection: removing pathogens from inanimate surfaces -antisepsis: removing pathogens from living tissue -bactericide: destroys bacteria except endospores -germicide: chemical agent that kills microorganisms -bacteriostasis: microbes are temporarily prevented from multiplying -sanitization: cleansing technique that mechanically removes microorganisms indicate the 4 main factors that determine how effective an antimicrobial control method is depends on: 1. number of microbes 2. environment (organic matter, temp, biofilms) 3. time of exposure 4. microbial characteristics (some microbes have certain structural features that enable them to survive certain treatments like thermodurics) illustrate the hierarchy of microorganisms from those easiest to destroy to those most difficult to destroy (see figures in powerpoint) easiest to hardest: 1. enveloped viruses 2. gram positive 3. non enveloped viruses 4. fungi/ fungal spores 5. most gram- negative bacteria 6. protozoan trophozoites 7. protozoan cysts 8. mycobacterium 9. bacterial endospores 10. prions compare and contrast "cidal" and "static" microbial control processes -"cide": kill or destroy -"static": stop or stand still describe the effects of microbial control