CCRN Review Questions and Answers 100% Pass

CCRN Review Questions and Answers 100% Pass Heart rate (HR) - Answer- 60-100 beats/min Mean arterial pressure (MAP) - Answer- 70-105 mmHg Cardiac output (CO) - Answer- 4-5 L/min Cardiac index (CI) - Answer- 2.5-4.5 L/min/m2 Stroke volume (SV) - Answer- 50-100 ml/beat Stroke index (SI) - Answer- 35-60 ml/m2/beat Right arterial pressure (RAP) - Answer- 4-8 mmHg Pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) - Answer- Systolic 15-30 mmHg Diastolic 5-15 mmHg Pulmonary artery occlusive pressure (PAOP) - Answer- 8-12 mmHg Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) - Answer- 800-1200 dynes/sec/cm-5 Systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) - Answer- dynes/se/com-5/m2 Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) - Answer- 100-250 dynes/sec/cm-5 Pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI) - Answer- 255-285 dyens/sec/cim-5/m2 Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) - Answer- 95-100% Venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) - Answer- 60-80% Delivery of oxygen (DO2) - Answer- 550-650 ml/min/m2 Oxygen consumption (VO2) - Answer- 200-250 ml/min Inferior leads and artery - cardiac - Answer- Lead II, III, aVF - RCA Anterior septal leads and artery - cardiac - Answer- Lead V1, V2 - LM Anterior leads and artery - cardiac - Answer- Lead V3, V4 - LAD Low lateral lead and artery - cardiac - Answer- Lead V5, V6 - LCX High lateral lead - cardiac - Answer- Lead I, aVL Symptoms of Left heart failure - Answer- Orthopnea, dyspnea, crackles, Low PaO2, SaO2 & SpO2, S3 & S4, Increased PAOP & PA pressures Symptoms of Right heart failure - Answer- JVD, Peripheral edema, Hepatomegaly, Increased CVP/RAP, S3 & S4 Symptoms of Systolic heart failure - Answer- Decreased stroke volume, decreased ejection fraction, S3 and enlarged heart Symptoms of Diastolic heart failure - Answer- Decreased stroke volume, normal ejection fraction, S4, normal heart size Laboratory signs of DIC - Answer- Decreased platelets Increased PT/INR Increased aPTT Decreased fibrinogen Increased FSP Increased D-Dimer Physical signs of DIC - Answer- Hypotension, Petechia, Purpura, Bruising, Bleeding in oral, GI/GU, or pulmonary Chvostek's Sign - Answer- Facial muscle twitching when cheek is tapped - Hypocalcemia Trousseau's Sign - Answer- Spasming of the hand when the bp cuff is inflated beyong systolic pressure for 3 min - Hypocalcemia Grey Turner's Sign - Answer- Bruising of the flanks, appearing as a blue discoloration - retroperitoneal bleed Cullen's Sign - Answer- Superficial edema and bruising in the subcutaneous fatty tissue around the umbilicus - Intraperitoneal bleed Kehr's Sign - Answer- Acute pain in the tip of the shoulder when a person is lying down and the legs are elevated - splenic rupture Calculation of anion gap - Answer- (Na + K) - (CL + HCO3) *Cations - Anions Normal is 15 PaO2/FiO2 Ratio (P/F ratio) - Answer- Measures the difference between oxygen content in PaO2 divided by the FiO2. Used to predict shunting and hypoxemia 300 = ALI 200 = ARDS Acute Respiratory Failure - Answer- PaO2 60 mmHg PaCO2 50 mmHg pH 7.30 Acute Lung Injury & ARDS - Answer- Cxr - bilateral diffuse infiltrates with no cardiac enlargement (white-out or ground-glass appearance) P/F ratio: (200 ARDS; 300 for ALI) PAOP 18mmHg Acute Pulmonary Embolism - Answer- For Massive PD: Acute right heart failure Shock and crushing chest pain Increased CVP with decreased CO Cyanosis and hemoptysis Status Asthmaticus - Answer- ABG revealing normalizing or increasing CO2 with no signs of improvement Little to no breath sounds auscultated Disappearance of wheezing Flail Chest - Answer- Paradoxical wall movement: - On inspiration when chest wall should move outward, the fractured area will move inward - On expiration when chest wall should move imward, the fractured area will move outward Tension Pneumothorax - Answer- Tracheal deviation and PMI move away from affected side High peak inspiratory pressure (if vented) Hypotension