Test Bank For Pharmacotherapeutics for Advanced Practice Nurse Prescribers Fifth Edition Test Bank ISBN 2023/2024

Absolute polycythemia - ANSWER excessive red blood cell production; a physiologic response resulting from increased erythropoietin secretion in response to chronic hypoxia or as a symptom of polycythemia vera. Absorption atelectasis - ANSWER see Atelectasis. Acid maltase deficiency (glycogen storage disease type II or Pompe disease) - ANSWER an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder that damages muscle and nerve cells throughout the body by an accumulation of glycogen in the lysosome attributable to deficiency of the lysosomal acid a-glucosidase enzyme. The buildup of glycogen causes progressive muscle weakness (myopathy) throughout the body and affects various body tissues, particularly in the heart, skeletal muscles, liver, and nervous system. Acne - ANSWER a common skin disease characterized by pimples on the face, chest, and back. It occurs when the pores of the skin become clogged with oil, dead skin cells, and bacteria. Acne conglobata - ANSWER severe cystic acne characterized by cystic lesions, abscesses, communicating sinuses, and thickened, nodular scars; usually does not affect the face. Acne rosacea - ANSWER a chronic form of dermatitis of the face in which the middle portion of the face appears red with small red lines caused by dilation of capillaries. Acne vulgaris - ANSWER an inflammatory eruption of the sebaceous follicles usually occurring on the face, upper back, and chest that consists of blackheads, cysts, papules, and pustules. Noninflammatory acne - ANSWER open comedones caused by the enlargement and dilation of a plug resulting from the accumulation of oil and dead skin cells inside the hair follicle and by closed comedones that form if the hair follicle pore remains closed; they appear as a tiny, sometimes pink bump in the skin. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) - ANSWER see Immune deficiency. Acquired sideroblastic anemia - ANSWER see Anemia. ACTH deficiency - ANSWER a condition characterized by decreased or absent production of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) by the pituitary gland, resulting in a reduction in the secretion of adrenal hormones and subsequent weight loss, lack of appetite, weakness, nausea, vomiting, and low blood pressure. Actinic keratosis - ANSWER a condition in which a premalignant small, reddish, rough spot appears on skin chronically exposed to the sun. Acute chest syndrome - ANSWER a syndrome occurring in association with sickle cell disease defined by a new infiltrate on chest radiograph; associated with one or more new symptoms: fever, cough, sputum production, dyspnea, or hypoxia. It occurs most commonly in the 2- to 4-year-old age group and declines in incidence with age. Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie syndrome) - ANSWER a massive dilation of the large bowel that occurs in critically ill patients and immobilized older adults. It is characterized by significant dilation of the cecum and absence of mechanical obstruction, and is related to excessive sympathetic motor input or decreased parasympathetic motor input. Acute confusional state (ACS) - ANSWER a form of delirium caused by interference with the metabolic or other biochemical processes essential for normal brain functioning. Symptoms may include disturbances in cognition and levels of awareness, short-term memory deficit, retrograde and anterograde amnesia, and disturbances in orientation, accompanied by restlessness, apprehension, irritability, and apathy. The condition may be associated with an acute physiologic state, delirium, toxic psychosis, or acute brain syndrome. Acute coronary syndrome - ANSWER a classification encompassing clinical presentations ranging from unstable angina through infarction. Acute cystitis - ANSWER an inflammation of the bladder, which is the most common site of urinary tract infection. Acute epiglottitis - ANSWER an infection that causes inflammation of the epiglottis and surrounding tissues and may lead to upper airway blockage. Acute gastritis - ANSWER an inflammatory disorder of the gastric mucosa, usually caused by injury of the protective mucosal barrier by drugs, chemicals, or Helicobacter pylori infection. Acute glomerulonephritis - ANSWER see Glomerulonephritis. Acute gouty arthritis - ANSWER an abrupt pain of a joint, most often the great toe, which is swollen, hot, and shiny secondary to an attack of gout. Acute idiopathic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) - ANSWER see Thrombocytopenia. Acute leukemia - ANSWER see Leukemia. Acute liver failure (fulminant liver failure) - ANSWER a rare clinical syndrome resulting from severe impairment or necrosis of liver cells without preexisting liver disease or cirrhosis. Acetaminophen overdose is the leading cause. Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) - ANSWER a spectrum of acute lung inflammation and diffuse alveolocapillary injury. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) - ANSWER see Leukemia. Acute mesenteric ischemia - ANSWER caused by acute occlusion of the mesenteric artery that results in a significant reduction in mucosal blood flow to the large and small intestines. Aortic aneurysms, arterial thrombi, or emboli can be causes. Acute mountain sickness (AMS) - ANSWER the presence of a combination of nonspecific symptoms that appear within a few hours after ascent to altitude, and may include headache, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, weakness, lassitude, dizziness, and difficulty sleeping. Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) - ANSWER see Leukemia. Acute orthostatic hypotension - ANSWER an abnormal decrease in blood pressure when a person stands. This may lead to fainting. Acute otitis media (AOM) - ANSWER an infection of the middle ear space, behind the eardrum (tympanic membrane); characterized by pain, dizziness, and partial loss of hearing. Acute pancreatitis - ANSWER inflammation of the pancreas resulting from obstruction to the outflow of pancreatic digestive enzymes caused by bile duct or pancreatic duct obstruction (e.g., gallstones). Usually a mild disease and resolves spontaneously. Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) - ANSWER see Glomerulonephritis. Acute pyelonephritis - ANSWER acute inflammation of the renal parenchyma and pelvis characterized by small cortical abscesses and yellowish streaks in the medulla resulting from the accumulation of pus in the collecting tubules and interstitial tissue. Acute renal failure (acute renal injury) - ANSWER a sudden decline in kidney function with a decrease in glomerular filtration and accumulation of nitrogenous waste products in the blood as demonstrated by an elevation in plasma creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) - ANSWER capillaries or alveoli of the lungs are damaged as a result of infection, injury, blood loss, or inhalation injury causing fluid to leak from the capillaries into the alveoli, resulting in pulmonary edema and collapse of some alveoli. Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) - ANSWER the kidney undergoes ischemic or nephrotoxic injury because of severe hypotension, aminoglycosides, or radiocontrast agents and produces granular and epithelial cell casts in urine. Acute urethral syndrome - ANSWER the bladder is irritated and the typical symptoms of a urinary tract infection are present in the absence of an infection. Adenocarcinoma - ANSWER tumor arising from epithelial cells with a glandular or glandlike pattern. Adenocystic tumor (cylindroma) - ANSWER rare bronchial gland tumors that arise predominantly in the trachea or large airways and cause obstruction. Adenomyosis - ANSWER the presence of islands of endometrial glands surrounded by benign endometrial stroma within the uterine myometrium. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency - ANSWER see Immune deficiency. Adrenarche - ANSWER growth of axillary and pubic hair and other physiologic changes induced by hyperactivity of the suprarenal cortex and adrenocortical secretion of androgenic hormones in early puberty. Agammaglobulinemia - ANSWER see Immune deficiency. Ageusia - ANSWER loss of the sense of taste. Agoraphobia - ANSWER a mental disorder characterized by an irrational fear of leaving the familiar setting of home, or venturing into the open; it is so pervasive that a large number of external life situations are entered into reluctantly or are avoided; often associated with panic attacks. Agranulocytosis - ANSWER see Immune deficiency. Akinesia - ANSWER slowness or loss of normal motor function resulting in impaired muscle movement. Akinetic mutism (AM) - ANSWER a syndrome characterized by the inability to speak, loss of voluntary movement, and apparent loss of emotional feeling. It is related to lesions of the upper brainstem.