LATEST RN Adult Medical Surgical 2024/2025 complete exam questions and correct answers

Compartment syndrome - ANSWER Early signs: intense pain with movement, capillary refill less than 2 seconds, erythema of the toes, bounding distal pulses Hemolytic transfusion reaction - ANSWER Manifestations: chills, back pain, hypertension Preventing hip dislocation - ANSWER Action: place two bed pillows between the legs when in bed Allergic cross-reactivity - ANSWER Risk for client with allergy to bananas: latex Incentive spirometer - ANSWER Instruction: hold breaths about 3 to 5 seconds before exhaling Low serum potassium level - ANSWER Intervention: initiate cardiac monitoring for the client Peritoneal dialysis - ANSWER Action: hang the drainage bag below the client's abdomen Impaired vestibulocochlear nerve - ANSWER Finding: disequilibrium with movement Postoperative care after cholecystectomy - ANSWER Intervention: apply compression stockings to the lower extremities Discharge teaching after mastectomy - ANSWER Statement: expect less than 25 mL of secretions per day in the drainage devices Using a metered-dose rescue inhaler - ANSWER Statement: exhale fully before bringing the inhaler to your lips Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) - ANSWER Finding requiring notification of provider: calcium level 11.5 mg/dL Setting up a sterile field - ANSWER Actions: grasp 2.5 cm (1 in) of the outer edge to open the surgical wrap, place a surgical pack with a sterile drape on the work surface, select a work surface at the nurse's waist level Blood alcohol level - ANSWER Priority action: obtain consent for surgery Increased intracranial pressure - ANSWER First sign of deteriorating neurological status: altered level of consciousness Skin cancer screening - ANSWER Finding indicating melanoma: raised lesion with a rolled border Diabetes insipidus - ANSWER Medication: desmopressin Insertion of a non-tunneled central venous catheter - ANSWER Action: confirm the correct position of the line by obtaining a blood sample Discharge teaching for chronic urinary tract infections - ANSWER Instruction: drink 2 to 3 L of fluids daily Discharge teaching for HIV - ANSWER Priority information: describe your daily medication schedule Administering packed RBCs - ANSWER Action: stop the infusion Thoracentesis - ANSWER Priority intervention: determine whether the client has an allergy to local anesthetics Bladder cancer - ANSWER Action: instruct the client to avoid eating raw fruit Postoperative assessment after appendectomy - ANSWER Finding requiring reporting to provider: hemoglobin 10 mg/dL Assessment of a client with an NG tube - ANSWER Finding requiring reporting to provider: the client's abdomen becomes distended and firm Medications to withhold after CT scan with contrast media - ANSWER Medication: metformin Ocular irrigation - ANSWER First action: collect information about the irritant that caused the injury Foot care for peripheral arterial disease - ANSWER Statement indicating understanding: rest in my recliner with my feet elevated for about an hour every afternoon Gathering data about toxoplasmosis - ANSWER Question: do you have any household pets, such as a cat? Complication of immobility - ANSWER Finding: confusion Purpose of positive end-expiratory pressure - ANSWER Purpose: to prevent alveolar collapse Postoperative assessment after partial thyroidectomy - ANSWER Finding requiring reporting to provider: high-pitched sound on inspiration Prioritizing care for a group of clients - ANSWER Priority client: a client who has thrombocytopenia and reports a nosebleed Checking a client's ventilator settings - ANSWER Purpose of positive end-expiratory pressure: to provide positive airway pressure during inspiration Assessing a client post bronchoscopy - ANSWER First action: check the client's gag reflex Assessing a client with pericarditis - ANSWER Finding: pericardial friction rub Assessing a client with acute kidney failure - ANSWER Finding requiring reporting to provider: weight gain of 1.1 kg (2.4 lb) in 24 hr Assessing a client with impaired immune system - ANSWER Action: provide the client with written information about the degrees of hypothermia Assessing a client with peripheral vascular disease - ANSWER Finding indicating venous vascular disorder: leg pain at rest Assessing a client with colon cancer - ANSWER Finding: hematochezia Assessing a client with pericarditis - ANSWER Finding: pericardial friction rub Assessing a client with acute kidney failure - ANSWER Finding requiring reporting to provider: weight gain of 1.1 kg (2.4 lb) in 24 hr Assessing a client with impaired immune system - ANSWER Action: provide the client with written information about the degrees of hypothermia Assessing a client with peripheral vascular disease - ANSWER Finding indicating venous vascular disorder: leg pain at rest Assessing a client with colon cancer - ANSWER Finding: hematochezia Assessing a client with pericarditis - ANSWER Finding: pericardial friction rub Assessing a client with acute kidney failure - ANSWER Finding requiring reporting to provider: weight gain of 1.1 kg (2.4 lb) in 24 hr