Hole's Anatomy & Physiology Exam 1 (Chapters 1-3)

-stasis - Controlling, stopping Peri- - Around, surrounding Hypo - Less than Hyper - Greater than Epi- - Above, upon Pariet- - Any "wall" (in a cavity or organ) Visc- - Thick, resistance Base - Accepts H+ from a solution; donates OH- ions to a solution, pH of 8 to 14 Acid - A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution, pH of 6 to 1 pH scale - Measurement system used to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; ranges from 0 to 14 Ion - An atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost one or more electrons, thus acquiring a charge Isotope - An atom with the same number of protons and a different number of neutrons from other atoms of the same element Ipsilateral - Structures on the same side of the body -- ie left arm and left leg Contraleteral - On the opposite side of the body Mediastinum - Central compartment of the thoracic cavity. It contains the heart, the great vessels of the heart, esophagus, trachea, phrenic nerve, cardiac nerve, thoracic duct, thymus, and lymph nodes of the central chest Hydroxide - (OH)- Hydronium - H3O+ Pinocytosis - Cellular "drinking"; a type of endocytosis in which the cell takes fluid and dissolved solutes into small membranous vesicles Phagocytosis - "Cell Eating" of large particles; process in which phagocytes engulf and digest microorganisms and cellular debris Homeostasis - A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level Negative feedback - A primary mechanism of homeostasis, whereby a change in a physiological variable triggers a response that counteracts the initial change. Positive feedback - A physiological control mechanism in which a change in some variable triggers mechanisms that amplify the change Anatomy - The science of the structure of living organisms Physiology - The science of processes and functions of organisms Atom - The smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element Molecule - The simplest structural unit of an element or compound Macromolecule - A very large organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules; ex- carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids Organelle - A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell Cell - A membrane bound structure that is the basic unit of life Tissue - A group of similar cells that perform the same function Organ - A collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body Organ system - A group of organs that work together in performing vital body functions Organism - A living thing; anything that can carry out life processes independently Transverse (horizontal/axial) - A plane running from right to left, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts Sagittal - A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts