Pathophysiology Final Exam Questions With Complete Solutions!

What is allergic asthma associated with? -ANSWER Type 1 Hypersensitivity; IgE mediated What are the S&S of ARDS? -ANSWER SOB, Shallow Rapid Breathing, Atelectasis (aveoli close), Dyspnea, Inspiratory Crackles, Respiratory Alkalosis, Decreased Lung Compliance, Hypoxemia What are the S&S of tension pneumothorax? -ANSWER Pressure that builds up and pushes the trachea towards the unaffected side; Absent breath sounds over affected lung What is cystic fibrosis? -ANSWER Excessive mucous coating in the lungs and pancreas; Genetic Disorder (Autosomal Recessive) Changes with an asthma attack: -ANSWER Wheezing, SOB, Bronchoconstriction, Dyspnea, Tachypnea (rapid breathing) How do you interpret ABG's? -ANSWER 1. Look at pH (acidosis - low or alkalosis - high) 2. Check the CO2 (resp. indicator) - less than 35 (alkalosis) more than 45 (acidosis) 3. Check the HCO3 (metabolic indicator) - less than 22 (acidosis) more than 26 (alkalosis) 4. Determine primary disorder (matches the pH) 5. Determine if its compensated (pH returns to normal or near normal) Respiratory Acidosis: What happens to the pH/CO2? -ANSWER Elevation (increase) of pCO2 -- Decreased pH (acidosis) Respiratory Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/CO2? -ANSWER Depression (decrease) of pCO2 -- Increased pH (alkalosis) Metabolic Acidosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3? -ANSWER Depression (decrease) of HCO3 -- Decreased pH (acidosis) Metabolic Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3? -ANSWER Elevation (increase) of HCO3 -- Increased pH (alkalosis) What are signs of renal cancer? -ANSWER No pain! Hematuria (Blood in the Urine)