PSU PLSC 14 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS WITH 100 % CORRECT ANSWERS | VERIFIED

Economic Power - Linked to other sorts of power; money is fungible. This enhances the stature of states, while relations constrain states. Tools used to project this include aid and sanctions. Criticisms of Aid - Its effectiveness often comes in to question and some believe it prompts moral hazard and dependency. It also does not always reach the intended target and can foster corruption. It is neo imperialism. Bilateral Aid - Assistance given by a government directly to the government of another country. Normally the receiving country is a developing nation. This is typically either a strategic political move or humanitarian. Multilateral Aid - Assistance provided by governments to international organisations like the World Bank, United Nations and International Monetary Fund that are then used to reduce poverty in developing nations. Types of Aid - Types of this include: bilateral, multilateral, humanitarian, military, development, and for democracy. The Marshall Plan - 1948; the "European Recovery Program", imposed by US Secretary of State George Marshall. $12 billion in aid was given to rebuild war-torn regions, remove trade barriers, modernize industry, improve European prosperity, and (most importantly) prevent communism. Types of Sanctions - Types of this include: bilateral, multilateral, trade, aid, financial, smart/targeted, total/comprehensive, and third party Bilateral Sanctions - Sanction from one country to another Multilateral Sanctions - Sanction from a group of countries to another Smart/Targeted Sanctions - Sanctions that are meant to focus their impact on leaders, political elites, and segments of society believed to be responsible for objectionable behavior, while reducing the impact on the general population.Total/Comprehensive Sanctions - Sanctions that prohibit all direct and indirect imports/exports Sanctions Against Iran - Bilateral sanctions issued by US after 1979 Hostage Crisis. Included a trade embargo, military aid embargo, and the freezing of $12 billion in Iranian assets. UN Security Counsel sanctions to prompt Iran to comply with nuclear inspections. Criticism of Sanctions - Effectiveness comes into question, too slow, often punish the wrong people, can be manipulated or foster corruption. Imports - Goods or services bought from sellers abroad Exports - Goods or services sold to buyers abroad Free Trade - Policy where goods and services are allowed to move freely across international borders without barriers. Tariffs - Taxes on products or services produced overseas, paid for either by the companies that import or consumers Quotas - Limits to the number of products or services produced overseas Bogus Standards - Rules and standards whose real purpose is to exclude a good or service produced overseas