Biology Paper 1 Question And Answers Tested And Verified

Biology Paper 1 Question And Answers Tested And Verified Outline two reasons why marketisation policies may produce inequality of educational achievement between social classes. 4 marks. - ANS Cream skimming (1) successful schools can attract high achievers, who are more likely to be middle class (1) Schools can establish their own catchment areas (1) middle class parents can afford to move into the catchment areas of better schools (1) Outline three reasons for gender differences in educational achievement. 6 marks - ANS Laddish Subcultures (1) Boys are more likely to join anti-school subcultures that prevent them from achieving (1) Changes in the job market (1) more jobs for women/decline in traditionally male dominated jobs increase girls/decrease boys motivation (1) Feminisation of education (1) more female teachers as role models today gives girls an advantage over boys (1) Applying material from Item A, analyse two ways in which the education may serve the needs of capitalism. (10 marks) - ANS Althusser: Education reproduces class inequality by transmitting ideas from generation to generation and failing the working classes deliberately. "each new generation of workers is forced to ... to survive". Bowles and Gintis: Correspondence Principle, there are parallels between school and work as they both have hierarchies, in which pupils and workers are always at the bottom. Makes them passive and less likely to rebel at work. "not wanting to overthrow this unequal system". Applying material from Item B and your knowledge, evaluate sociological explanations of social class differences in educational achievement. (30 marks) - ANS Material deprivation, Gibson and Asthana - pointed out that there is correlation between low household income and poor educational performance. Eg, high levels of sickness in poorer homes may mean more absence from school and falling behind, less able to afford the hidden costs of education etc. Labeling, Howard Becker, Labeling and the Ideal Pupil: Becker found that teachers tend to have an "ideal pupil" which is traditionally middle class. This pupil speaks in the elaborated speech code, is polite and well dressed - Rosenthal and Jacobson argued that positive teacher labelling can lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy, in which the student internalizes the label given to them and the label becomes true in practice.