Saylor Academy Psych101 Exam Questions and 100% Correct Answers

Saylor Academy Psych101 Exam Questions and 100% Correct Answers Eugenics - answerThe science of improving a human population by controlled breeding to increase the occurrence of desirable heritable characteristics. Developed largely by Francis Galton as a method of improving the human race, it fell into disfavor only after the perversion of its doctrines by the Nazis. Genomic imprinting - answerPhenomenon by which certain genes are expressed in a parent-of-origin-specific manner. If the allele inherited from the father is imprinted, it is thereby silenced, and only the allele from the mother is expressed. If the allele from the mother is imprinted, then only the allele from the father is expressed. Functionalism - answerSuggests that cognitive processes were governed by the function of the mind; focused on the utility of consciousness and considers mental life and behaviour in terms of active adaptation to the person's environment. Structuralism - answerTheory of consciousness developed by Wilhelm Wundt and his mentee Edward Bradford Titchener which attempted to understand the mind as the sum of varying underlying parts. Proposes that consciousness is best understood through the systematic study of the anatomy of the brain Developmental noise - answerA concept within developmental biology in which phenotype varies between individuals even though both the genotypes and the environmental factors are the same for all of them; human fingerprints provide a well-known example; the fingerprints differ even between genetically identical human twins. Gene-environment interaction - answerGenes are not "set in stone; the expression of genes in an organism can be influenced by the environment, including the external world in which the organism is located or develops, as well as the organism's internal world, which includes such factors as its hormones and metabolism. Polygenic - answerTraits that are controlled by multiple genes and/or influenced by the environment, such as height, skin color, eye color, weight Pure experiment - answerType of experimental design thought to be the most accurate type of experimental research. Also thought to be the only experimental design that can establish cause and effect relationship. Three criteria must be met in a true experiment: 1) Control group and experimental group, 2) Researcher-manipulated variable, 3) Random assignment Nature vs. Nurture Debate - answerThe nature vs. nurture debate is an ongoing one. The modern debate often centers around the effect genes have on human personalities as opposed to the influences that early environment and development might have. Negative correlation - answerWhen two variables have an inverse relationship; as one variable increases, the other decreases. Psychoanalysis - answerAims to treat mental disorders by investigating the interaction of conscious and unconscious elements in the mind and bringing repressed fears and conflicts into the conscious mind by techniques such as dream interpretation and free association. Cognitivism - answerStudy focusing on mental processes, including how people perceive, think, remember, learn, solve problems, and direct their attention to one stimulus rather than another. Psychologists working from a cognitivist perspective, then, seek to understand cognition. Q: What famous psychologist decided nearly 100 years ago that psychology should be defined as the scientific study of behavior? - answerWatson Q: Schizophrenia is a mental illness which - answerAffects about 1% of the population Q: A study of how adults respond to a new therapy has a group with the new therapy fully implemented, a group with the new therapy partially implemented, a group with the new therapy not implemented at all, and a group considering implementation of the new therapy. Which group would be best described as the control group? - answerGroup with the new therapy not implemented at all Q: Considering a correlation represents a relationship between two variables, which phrase best exemplifies a negative correlation (i.e., variables move in different directions)? - answerAn individual's level of stress and his or her degree of psychological well-being Q: What essential feature distinguishes a pure experiment from other types of studies? - answerA pure experiment is a study in which an independent variable is intentionally manipulated. Q: The best way to explain the complex gene-environment interaction is with the concept of... - answerNature vs nurture Q: Which statement regarding heritability coefficients is correct? - answerHeritability coefficients tend to oversimplify genetic influe