Psychology 1004 Exam 1 Virginia Tech
psychology - ANSthe SCIENTIFIC study of the causes of behavior and mental processes
behavior - ANSovert action and reaction (objectively observable)
-ex: smiling
rule of thirds - ANS-1/3 clinicians
-1/3 academics
-1/3 administrators in organizations
Industrial Organization (IO) - ANSdeal with psych in the work place
-assessments to make sure hiring the right people or if everyone is in the roles that are best for
their skills
basic psychology - ANSuses the scientific method to gain knowledge about topics in psych (to
satisfy curiosity; learn more)
applied psychology - ANSuses knowledge to solve and prevent human problems
Aristotle - ANS4th century BC
emphasized observation and experiencing the world
Descartes - ANS-17th century
-much human behavior & all animal behavior is reflexive
-reflexive=automatic, and subject to natural, external causes
-humans possess a MIND
-mind is not controlled by natural forces
-mind-body dualism
-why all animals are reflexive and some of human behavior is not
Wilhem Wundt - ANS-1832-1920
-1st psych lab in Germany
-emphasized structuralism
-used introspection
structuralism - ANSstudy of structure of immediate conscious experience
introspection - ANSself-examination of mental state
William James - ANS-1842-1910
-American
, -emphasized functionalism
-increased emphasis on BEHAVIOR and on PRACTICAL APPLICATION of psych
functionalism - ANSstudy of how the mind works and WHY we behave the way we do
Psychodynamic - ANSfocuses on introspection
-Freud
-impulses are driven by se and aggression
-id, ego, and superego
*unconscious; clinical problems due to unconscious thought
Behaviorist - ANS-Pavlov and Skinner
-conditioning
-focus on OBSERVABLE behavior; behavior changes through learning
Humanistic - ANS-focus on self-concept realizing our full potential, and the challenges in doing
so
-very positive
Cognitive - ANSwhat is happening in the MIND; thoughts, information processing, memory, etc.
Neuroscience - ANSinfluence of the nervous system (brain, spinal cord) on behavior
OHDAC - ANSScientific Method: observation, hypothesis, design experiment, perform, analyze,
and conclude
hypothesis - ANStentative statement about a cause-and-effect relation between 2 or more
events
theory - ANSa set of statements that describe and explain known facts, proposes relations
among variables, and makes new predictions
operational definitions - ANSthe definition of IV and DV in terms of the operations a researcher
performs in order to set their values or to measure them
-ex: need to define "intelligence" before doing an intelligence/IQ test
Naturalistic observation - ANSobserve subjects in their natural/normal environment
Clinical observation - ANSobserve subjects undergoing treatment for a psychological condition
allows for experimenter control
Correlational studies - ANSused to determine the relationship btwn variables
can NOT determine causality, just because X and Y are related, can't say X causes Y
psychology - ANSthe SCIENTIFIC study of the causes of behavior and mental processes
behavior - ANSovert action and reaction (objectively observable)
-ex: smiling
rule of thirds - ANS-1/3 clinicians
-1/3 academics
-1/3 administrators in organizations
Industrial Organization (IO) - ANSdeal with psych in the work place
-assessments to make sure hiring the right people or if everyone is in the roles that are best for
their skills
basic psychology - ANSuses the scientific method to gain knowledge about topics in psych (to
satisfy curiosity; learn more)
applied psychology - ANSuses knowledge to solve and prevent human problems
Aristotle - ANS4th century BC
emphasized observation and experiencing the world
Descartes - ANS-17th century
-much human behavior & all animal behavior is reflexive
-reflexive=automatic, and subject to natural, external causes
-humans possess a MIND
-mind is not controlled by natural forces
-mind-body dualism
-why all animals are reflexive and some of human behavior is not
Wilhem Wundt - ANS-1832-1920
-1st psych lab in Germany
-emphasized structuralism
-used introspection
structuralism - ANSstudy of structure of immediate conscious experience
introspection - ANSself-examination of mental state
William James - ANS-1842-1910
-American
, -emphasized functionalism
-increased emphasis on BEHAVIOR and on PRACTICAL APPLICATION of psych
functionalism - ANSstudy of how the mind works and WHY we behave the way we do
Psychodynamic - ANSfocuses on introspection
-Freud
-impulses are driven by se and aggression
-id, ego, and superego
*unconscious; clinical problems due to unconscious thought
Behaviorist - ANS-Pavlov and Skinner
-conditioning
-focus on OBSERVABLE behavior; behavior changes through learning
Humanistic - ANS-focus on self-concept realizing our full potential, and the challenges in doing
so
-very positive
Cognitive - ANSwhat is happening in the MIND; thoughts, information processing, memory, etc.
Neuroscience - ANSinfluence of the nervous system (brain, spinal cord) on behavior
OHDAC - ANSScientific Method: observation, hypothesis, design experiment, perform, analyze,
and conclude
hypothesis - ANStentative statement about a cause-and-effect relation between 2 or more
events
theory - ANSa set of statements that describe and explain known facts, proposes relations
among variables, and makes new predictions
operational definitions - ANSthe definition of IV and DV in terms of the operations a researcher
performs in order to set their values or to measure them
-ex: need to define "intelligence" before doing an intelligence/IQ test
Naturalistic observation - ANSobserve subjects in their natural/normal environment
Clinical observation - ANSobserve subjects undergoing treatment for a psychological condition
allows for experimenter control
Correlational studies - ANSused to determine the relationship btwn variables
can NOT determine causality, just because X and Y are related, can't say X causes Y
