Biology 1M03 Test Questions With Verified Answers

organism - Answer an entity made up of one or more cells that; a) requires energy to live and reproduce, b) made up of membrane bound cells, c) contains hereditary/genetic information contained in genes, d) replicates, e) is a product and continuation of evolution cell theory - Answer all organisms are made up of cells and all cells come from pre-existing cells evolution - Answer the change in characteristics of a population over time natural selection - Answer one of the driving forces of evolution that requires that a) heritable characteristics vary in a population, and b) certain versions of these characteristics help individuals survive and/or reproduce more successfully than other versions... natural selection 'selects for' these more successful traits heritable - Answer can be passed on from parents to their offspring population - Answer a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at the same time artificial selection - Answer human intervention, leading to the selection or extinction of certain species through direct or indirect influences fitness - Answer the ability of an individual to produce (high levels of) offspring adaptation - Answer trait that increases the fitness of an individual in a population of a certain environment (selected for through natural selection) speciation - Answer the process in which populations of one species diverge to form multiple new species tree of life - Answer a family tree that lays out the ancestry of all organisms ever to have lived phylogeny - Answer the genealogical relationships between organisms bacteria - Answer archaea - Answer eukarya/eukaryotes - Answer prokaryotes - Answer taxonomy - Answer the process of naming and classifying all organisms. The order of naming goes Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species. null hypothesis - Answer what an experimenter should observe if the hypothesis being tested is not correct control group - Answer a step within an experiment where the outcome is known. Helps to ensure that other factors are not influencing the validity of the experiment. population thinking - Answer point of view that states variation among individuals in a population is the key to understanding the nature of the species descent with modification - Answer species that lived in the past are the ancestors of living creatures today... all past organisms gave rise to modern organisms fossil - Answer any trace of an organism that lived in the past fossil record - Answer consists of all fossils that have been found and described in scientific literature extant species - Answer species that are currently living geological time scale - Answer a sequence of named intervals called eons, eras, and periods that represent major events in the history of the Earth sedimentary rock - Answer rock formations that form from sand or mud or other deposited materials at locations like beaches or river mouths extinct - Answer a species that no longer exists transitional feature - Answer a trait in a fossil species that is intermediate between those of older and younger species vestigial trait - Answer a reduced or incompletely developed structure that has no function or reduced function but is very similar to a functioning structure in a closely related species genetic homology - Answer the similarity in DNA sequences in a number of different, seemingly unrelated, organisms developmental homology - Answer the similarity in embryonic development in a number of different, seemingly unrelated, organisms