NR 601 Final Exam accurate Questions & Answers

prediabetes - ANSWER impaired fasting glucose: fasting glucose is consistently elevated above normal range but below 100 and 125 mg/dL impaired glucose tolerance: state of hyperglycemia where a 2-hour post glucose load glycemic level is 140-199 mg/dl type 1 diabetes - ANSWER characterized by severe insulin deficiency resulting from beta cell destruction producing hyperglycemia due to altered metabolism of lipids, carbs, and proteins immune mediated DM (type 1A)- 90% of cases; autoimmune destruction of insulin producing pancreatic beta islet cells; triggering factor: infection (rubella, Coxsackie before virus, cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, mumps virus) or toxic insult with genetic predisposition idiopathic DM (type 1B)- inherited; more common in people of Asian, African, or Hispanic origin type 1 diabetes - risk factors - ANSWER * 60% of patients are <18 years old Caucasian of European descent 1.5-2X more common *High birth weight 4,000 g; higher than expected weight gain in first year of life * protein components of cow's milk * intro of gluten and rice containing cereals before 3 months or after 7 months type 1 diabetes - presentation - ANSWER polyuria, polyphagia with paradoxical weight loss, polydipsia, visual changes, fatigue, weakness signs of dehydration such as poor skin turger, and dry mucous membranes signs of severe ketosis (DKA): extreme fatigue, abnormal cramping, alterations and breathing pattern, and telltale sign of halitosis Hg A1C gives insight into glycemic control over what time period? - ANSWER 2 to 3 months initial goal of treatment for type 1 diabetes - ANSWER plasma glucose level 80-130 mg/dl before meals, postprandial (1-2hrs after beginning of a meal) glucose level <180 mg/dl, and a1c 7% for adults