ANSC 3270 Midterm 1 Exam Study Guide Graded A 2024

what occurs when animals are stressed? - - less productive - reduced product quality - increased risk of disease what are consumers demanding from animals? - - high quality - reasonably priced products - ethically raised with minimal stress what are producers dependent on when preventing/treating disease? - antimicrobials such as antibiotics and anthelmintics what is the negative of wide-spread use of antimicrobials? - antimicrobial resistant pathogens what environmental activity is affecting livestock health? - climate change what is a stressor? - something that disrupts homeostasis in an organism and in doing so, elicits a stress response what is a stress repsonse? - an evolutionary conserved response that involves the activation of multiple physiological systems during danger what are the physiological systems that are activated during perceived danger? - - cardiovascular - metabolic - musculoskeletal - endocrine - immune what manifests as the stress response? - fight, flight, or freeze response what is short term stress good for? - to enhance survival of an organism by restoring physical homeostasis what can long term stress lead to? - a variety of psychological, metabolic, and reproductive disorders as well as immunological disorders that increase the animal's susceptibility to more deadly diseases and infections what must happen for a stress response to occur? - the animal must first sense the stressor through any of the 5 senses what helps the stress response to occur? - the recognition of non-self and danger signals from the immune system how are sensory inputs moved through the body? - via neural transmitters, endocrine hormones, and immune cytokines what determines variation in stress resposnes? - genetics, environmental factors, and epigenetic mechanisms where does variation of stress response occur? - the level of sensory input, stress perception, and stress response what is resilience? - the ability to resist, cope with, and completely recover from perceived danger (remains healthy and productive thru life) what determines resilience to stress? - genetics, environment, and epigenetic mechanisms what animals can be overwhelmed by a stressor? - all animals what types of stressors are domesticated animals subjected to? - psychological, physical, chemical, and biological what statement about police dogs is false? - all dogs perceive danger equally - stressors vary across species what is likely to be sensed as a "non-self" stressor by equines? - - bacterial that has breached thru the intestinal epithelium - inhaled mycotoxins present in moldy hay - virus that was transmitted from horse-to-horse during a recent event at which level could genetics contribute to individual variation in the stress response of sheep to loud noise? - - polymorphisms in genes regulating auditory input to the brain - polymorphisms in genes involved in the brain's perception to danger - methylation of genes involved in the cardiovascular response what is likely to contribute to susceptibility of recently arrived feedlot cattle to bovine respiratory viruses? - - arrival time during the day - season - duration of transport to feedlot what is the most appropriate sheep breed for north american grazing pastures highly burdened with Haemonchus contortus? - gulf coast sheep