Midterm WCU Patho 370 Already Graded A

Midterm WCU Patho 370 Already Graded A Tertiary Prevention Examples disability Latent Period Counseling on medication; rehabilitation; supportive care; reducing t ime between exposure of tissue to injurious agent and first appearance of signs and/or symptoms Endemic Native to local region Subclinical Disease Etiology no noticeable signs or symptoms (inapparent infection) cause of disease Idiopathic latrogenic unknown cause Cause results from unintended or unwanted medical treatment Primary prevention vaccinations Allostasis altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible persons ex: process by which the body achieves stability through homeostatis Selye's 3 Phases of Stress Alarm reaction; resistance; exhaustian sympathetic nervous system: Norepinephrine gastric secretions; increases night and far vision sympathetic nervous system: epinephrine causes vasoconstriction & increases BP; Reduces enhances myocardial contractility; increases HR & CO; causes bronchiodilation; increases glucose release from liver Hormones released during the stress response Cortisol Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) Norepinephrine Epinephrine Endorphines Oxytocin RAA pathway (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone) Types of intracellular accumulation -Excessive amounts of normal intracellular substance -Abnormal substances from faulty matabolism synthesis -particles that the cell is unable to degrade Cellular adaptation types -Atrophy: Decrease cell size -Hypertrophy: increase cell size -Hyperplasia: increase cell number -Metaplasia: conversion of one cell type to another -Dysplasia: disorderly growth Coagulative necrosis membrane (heart) Liquefactive necrosis this process begins with ischemia, ends with degradation of plasma liquification of lysosomal enzymes, formation of abscess or cyst from dissolved dead tissue (brain) Fat necrosis death of adipose tissue, appears as chalk white area ,usually due to trauma or pancreatitis (pancreas) Caseous Necrosis characteristic of lung damage secondary to tuberculosis (bacterial infection; resembles clumpy cheese (lung) Apoptosis programmed cell death Side effects of chemotherapy anemia nausea bleeding infections -oma tumor carcinoma sarcoma staging cancerous tumor (begins in kin or tissue that lines or covers body organs) malignant tumor (begins in bone or in soft tissue of the body) the process of classifying tumors with respect to how far the disease has progressed, the potential for its responding to therapy, and the patient's prognosis (stage 0 to 4) grading a way to classify cancer cells & is done by a pathologist Degree of malignancy & differentiation Low Grade (Grade I, II) High Grade (Grade III, IV) Deficits in immune system function in cancer cancer cells cancer metastasis to bone marrow malnutrition tumor marker functions chemotherapy help determine cancer origin help identify progression of cancer Hypersensitivity Type I strong genetic or herediatry linkage regarding IgE responses (allergens) immediate hypersensitivity release of histamine Hypersensitivity Type II t issue specific, cytotoxic, or cytolytic hypersensitivity occurs when antibodies attack antigens on surface of specific cells or tissues; causing lysis Ex: Transfusion reaction; hemolytic disease of newborn Hypersensitivity III immune complex reaction immune & phagocytic systems fail to effectively remove antigen-antibody immune complexes