CADC exam prep Ch 1 (Addiction Counselor's Desk Reference) Already Passed

CADC exam prep Ch 1 (Addiction Counselor's Desk Reference) Already Passed Opiates - Answer ️️ -A category of psychoactive drugs that are chemically similar to morphine and have strong pain-relieving properties. - Opiates cross into blood-brain barrier to produce a rush/feelings of euphoria. - Significant respiratory complications, death, cardiac depression. - Physical dependence develops dramatically as soon as regular use begins (sometimes even when its administered clinically appropriate). Withdrawal symptoms include: restlessness, irritability, nausea, diarrhea, sweating, and gooseflesh. Subcutaneous - Answer ️️ -Injection of medication in a liquid form underneath the skin into the subcutaneous tissue GABA - Answer ️️ -inhibitory neurotransmitter slows or calms things down. Heroin (Opiate) - Answer ️️ -- Naturally occurring substance extracted from seedpod of various poppy plants. - 1898 - commercially marketed as new pain remedy - 1914 - designated as controlled substance under the Harrison Narcotic Act - Schedule 1 drug. - Route of administration: smoked, snorted, or IV. Greatest intensity and most rapid onset of euphoria (7-8 sec) from IV. Peak effects felt by 10-15 min. - Crosses the blood-brain barrier, converts to morphine, and rapidly binds to opioid receptors in brain. - Serious adverse health side effects: fatal OD, collapsed veins, cardiac depression, and blood- borne infectious diseases (HIV/AIDS, Hep C) + societal consequences such as disruptions in family, work place, etc. - Significant increase of OD (slow, shallow breathing, convulsions, coma) &/or death. - Street heroin often cut with various other substances (sugar, starch, strychnine, etc) that do not dissolve when injected and cause more issues in body. - Major withdrawal symptoms peak btw 48-72 hours after last dose. Subside in about a week. Fentanyl (Rx Opiate) - Answer ️️ -- Commonly used and abused agent - Exists in 2 formulations: 1. Injectable form used with other agents during anesthesia, & 2. A skin patch used as a sustained-release form to treat pain. Various other Rx Opiates - Answer ️️ -- Morphine, meperidine (Demerol), fentanyl: most commonly appear as prepared injection forms that have been diverted from legal medical use. May be injected either IV or subcutaneously (skin popping). - Codeine, propoxyphene: Lower potency and usually appear in pill form and taken orally. Depressants - Answer ️️ -Drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions. - Prescribed to help relieve anxiety, irratibility, and tension. - Normally called "downers" because they calm users down. - With regular use, high potential for abuse and development of tolerance. - Effects are exacerbated when various kinds of depressants mix (alcohol + barbs = not good). - Small amounts cause calmness and relaxed muscles while large amounts cause slurred speech, impaired judgment, and loss of motor coordination. Larger amounts may cause decreased breathing rate, coma, and death. Alcohol - Answer ️️ -- Consumption effects: The more drinks consumed the more depressed and adversely affected one's brain activity becomes ,e.g. Cerebrum (controls advanced functions such as recognition, vision, reasoning, and emotion). Lowest levels: impacts inhibition and judgment. Increased levels: impacts vision, movement, speech (.01% to .30 % BAC). - Impacts part of the brain in charge of movement - causing problems with coordination, reflexes, and balance (.15% to .35% BAC). Impacts Medulla (controls basic survival functions i.e. breathing & heartbeat) resulting ij the reduction of brains ability to control respiration and heart rate. - Death can result at .30% BAC> Alcohol absorption - Answer ️️ -- Absorpti