UPDATED 2024 Infection Prevention and Control Practice Questions With Answers

The nurse is caring for a patient who has a respiratory infection. The nurse understands that an infection occurs in a cycle and involves several elements. What are the elements in the chain of infection? Select all that apply. - ANSWER- An infectious agent The source of pathogen growth A susceptible host A patient is suspected of having malaria. Which mode of transmission spreads malaria? - ANSWER- Vector Which microorganism exits through a man's urethral meatus during sexual contact? - ANSWER- Neisseria gonorrhea Which microorganism causes gas gangrene? - ANSWER- Clostridium perfringens A patient who had undergone a hysterectomy 10 days ago came for a follow-up visit. The patient notices purulent drainage at the incision site. The nurse suspects wound infection and performs assessment for confirmation. Which clinical findings would the nurse evaluate? Select all that apply. - ANSWER- Pain Redness Tenderness The nurse is planning discharge instructions for a patient diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Which statement made by the patient would indicate effective teaching? - ANSWER- "The virus can be spread to another person by contact with body fluids." Which is the most effective way to control the transmission of infection in health care facilities? - ANSWER- Hand hygiene practices Which statement regarding health care-associated infections requires correction? - ANSWER- The costs of health care-associated infections are reimbursed. What is the portal of exit of the influenza virus? - ANSWER- What is the portal of exit of the influenza virus? What major infections are caused by Escherichia coli? Select all that apply. - ANSWER- .Gastroenteritis Urinary tract infections A patient who had a hysterectomy 10 days ago has come for a follow-up visit. The patient is experiencing pain and itching at the incision site. The nurse suspects a wound infection and performs an assessment for confirmation. When assessing this patient, what actions should the nurse perform to reduce the spread of infection? Select all that apply. - ANSWER- Perform hand-hygiene practices. Use gloves when assessing the wound. Use appropriate, personal protective equipment. In which order does the chain of infection cycle occur chronologically? - ANSWER- Infectious agent Reservoir Portal to exit Mode of transmission Portal of entry Host A patient is diagnosed with a bronchial airway obstruction after performing a bronchoscopy. Which type of infection may the patient contract after performing the test? - ANSWER- Iatrogenic infection A 30-year-old patient with a history of irritable bowel syndrome complains of diarrhea. The nurse finds that the patient is infected with Clostridium difficile and is on appropriate treatment. What could be the most likely reason for the patient's current complaints of diarrhea? - ANSWER- A 30-year-old patient with a history of irritable bowel syndrome complains of diarrhea. The nurse finds that the patient is infected with Clostridium difficile and is on appropriate treatment. What could be the most likely reason for the patient's current complaints of diarrhea? Which statement regarding vascular and cellular responses is true? - ANSWER- Vasodilation occurs at the site of injury. The nurse works in a hospital. What precautions are necessary to help prevent health care-associated infections? Select all that apply. - ANSWER- Ensure a closed, urinary catheter drainage system Change the IV access site if inflamed. Use aseptic technique when suctioning the airway. What would be the mode of transmission if a patient suspected of having tuberculosis is not isolated? Select all that apply. - ANSWER- Droplet Airborne Which patients are at a low risk of disease transmission? Select all that apply. - ANSWER- A patient with pneumonia A patient with viral meningitis The nurse is caring for a patient who is suffering from a gastrointestinal infection. The nurse understands that any infection occurs in four stages. Arrange the stages of infection in the correct order. - ANSWER- Incubation period Prodromal stage Illness stage Convalescence A patient who had a hysterectomy 10 days ago has come for a follow-up visit. The patient is experiencing pain and itching at the incision site. After assessment, the health care provider suspects the incision site is infected. Which interventions would help control infection? Select all that apply. - ANSWER- Administer antibiotics Provide adequate nutrition. Monitor response to drug therapy. Which microorganism is associated with an exogenous infection? - ANSWER- Salmonella The nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about the normal defense mechanisms of the body against infections. Which statements are true about the skin as a primary defense against infections? Select all that apply. - ANSWER- Wash with soap and water Which environment would limit the growth of bacteria? - ANSWER- Bacteria growing in a pH of 3.0 A 10-year-old patient with symptoms of a throat infection develops rheumatic fever. What could be the possible causative organism for the throat infection and rheumatic fever in this patient? - ANSWER- Streptococcus (beta-hemolytic group A) A 65-year-old patient is undergoing treatment for chronic bronchitis and develops a health care-associated exogenous infection. What could be the reason for this condition? - ANSWER- Infection caused by Aspergillus A patient with a urinary tract infection is hospitalized due to severe discomfort. The primary health care provider advises the nurse to provide supportive therapy to the patient. Which actions of the nurse are included when providing supportive therapy? Select all that apply. - ANSWER- Provide adequate rest Provide adequate nutrition The nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about the normal defense mechanisms of the body against infections. Which statements are true about the skin as a primary defense against infections? Select all that apply. - ANSWER- It provides a barrier to microorganisms. It helps in removing organisms when they adhere to outer layers of the skin. It contains fatty acids that have an antibacterial action