Gross Anatomy I Final Exam USA Questions and Answers 100% Correct!

Abduction of the shoulder occurs in what plane and what axis? - ANSWER-Frontal plane and sagittal axis Flexion of the head/neck occurs in what plane and about what axis? - ANSWER-Sagittal plane and frontal axis Side bending of the thoracic lumbar spine occurs in what plane and around what axis? - ANSWER-frontal plane and sagittal axis In the anatomical position, elbow flexion occurs in what plane and around what axis? - ANSWER-Sagittal plane and front axis Rotation of the head/neck occurs in what plane and what axis? - ANSWER-Transverse plane and vertical axis. What is kinematics? - ANSWER-description of motion without regard for the forces What are kinetics? - ANSWER-forces producing and impacting motion Describe synovial joints - ANSWER-Bones separated by fluid-filled joint cavity All are diarthrotic (most joints of body) What is the outer layer and inner layer of the joint capsule of synovial joints? - ANSWER-Fibrous capsule and synovium membrane How is the joint capsule of synovial joints attached? - ANSWER-Sharpey's Fibers What do synoviocytes do? - ANSWER-Make hyaluronic acid What is in synovial fluid and why is it important? - ANSWER-Hyaluronic acid (GAG) & Lubricin (PG) for shock absorption and lubrication. Hyaluronic acid provides support - resists compression, strength, and reduces friction. It also lubricates tissue. Lubricin adheres to articular cartilage for cartilage to cartilage lubrication. What ligament of the spine is likely to get injured during a hyperextension injury? - ANSWER-Anterior longitudinal ligament Describe intervertebral disc joint type as a whole. - ANSWER-An intervertebral disc is mostly made of fibrocartilage and form a symphysis type of cartilaginous joint that can also be considered amphiarthrosis joint. Describe the parts of an intervertebral disc. - ANSWER-Outer fibrous ring is the anulus fibrous and consists of both type i and ii but mostly type I. The inner part is the nucleus pulposus and contains mostly type II collagen. When a herniation occurs what part of the IV disc is normally torn? - ANSWER-The annulus fibrosus