Bio 172 Exam 2 Questions and Answers Already Passed

Bio 172 Exam 2 Questions and Answers Already Passed What are three ways energy is extracted from glucose? Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cylce, Oxidative Phosphorylation What enzyme in the investment phase of glycolysis is responsible for cosumeing ATP to break down carbohydrates? Phosphofruktokinase How many binding sites does phosphfruktokinase have? What binds there? It has a regulatory and active site. Both bind to ATP. When ATP binds at phosphfruktokinase's regulatory site, what happens to the reaction rate? It decreases, ATP inhibits phosphfruktokinase Feedback inhibition When the product of a sequence of reactions can be used to allosterically inhibit on of the enzymes catalyzing the reaction. Phase 1 Glycolysis The energy investment phase. Two ATP are consumed. Fructose-1,6- Biphosphate is the product. Phase 2 glycolysis The Cleavage phase. Fructose-1,6-Biphosphate is cleaved into two glyceraldehyde-3-phosphates. No ATP consumption. Phase 3 Glycolysis The Payoff phase. 2 NADH and 4 ATP produced. Pyruvate formed. Net Products of Glycolysis 2 Pyruvate 2 NADH 2 ATP How is ATP created in Glycolysis? Substrate Level Phosphorylation Substrate Level Phosphorylation The use of a chemical substrate to transfer a phosphate directly to an ADP molecule and form ATP. Net Equation for Glycolysis C6H1206 + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + P → 2 Pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 ATP Where does Glycolysis Occur? The Cytosol Where does pyruvate go what oxygen is present? To Acetyl-CoA synthesis and then to the Citric Acid Cycle Where does pyruvate go when oxygen isn't present? To fermentation How is glycolysis linked to the citric acid cycle? Acetyl-CoA synthesis What are the products of Acetyl-CoA synthesis? 2 Acetyl-CoA 2 CO2 2 NADH Starting materials for Acetyl-Coa Synthesis 2 Pyruvate 2 NAD+ 2 Coenzyme A Where does Acetly-CoA synthesis take place? Intermembrane Space What is the Purpose of the Citric Acid Cycle? To extract energy from pyruvate and form high energy electron carriers Where does the citric acid cycle occur? Mitochondrial Matrix (Eukaryotes) Cytosol (Prokaryotes) Products of Citric Acid Cycle 6 NADH