CALT 2023 STUDY GUIDE
CALT 2023 STUDY GUIDE EXAM REVIEW
CONTAINING 313 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2024
KINDS OF VOWEL SOUNDS - ANSWER: LONG/SHORT SOUNDS
VOWEL -R
DIPHTONG
UNACCENTED VOWELS
PHONOLOGY - ANSWER: REFER TO STUDY OF SOUND IN SPOKEN WORD - HOW
SOUNDS ARE ORGANIZED AND USED IN SPOKEN/NATURAL LANGUAGE
, CALT 2023 STUDY GUIDE
ALLOPHONE - ANSWER: SLIGHT VARIATIONS IN PRODUCTION OF VOWELS OR
CONSONANTS THAT ARE PREDICTABLE VARIANTS OF THE PHONEME
PHONETICS - ANSWER: HOW YOU ANALYZE THE PRODUCTION OF HUMAN SOUND
ONSET - ANSWER: SOUNDS PRECEDING THE VOWEL
RIME - ANSWER: SOUNDS FROM THE FIRST VOWEL ON
PHONOLOGICAL AWARENESS - ANSWER: REFERS TO METACOGNITION THAT
SPOKEN LANGUAGE IS MADE UP OF A SERIES OF SOUNDS AND THAT THESE
SOUNDS OCCUPY A PARTICULAR SEQUENTIAL ORDER
DEVELOPMENTAL THEORY (ISABELLE LIEBERMAN) - ANSWER: WORDS IN
SENTENCES
SYLLABLES IN WORDS
PHONEMES IN SINGLE WORDS - PHONEMIC AWARENESS
STANOVICH'S "MATTHEW EFFECT" - ANSWER: FROM BIBLE VERSE "POOR GET
POORER" - FAILURE TO LEARN TO DECODE WORDS BECAUSE POOR
PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSING CAUSE SUBSEQUENT DEFECTS IN READING
COMPREHENSION, VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT, AND EVEN IQ
PHONOLOGICAL CORE DEFICIT - ANSWER: LEADS TO OTHER PROBLEMS
, CALT 2023 STUDY GUIDE
ORTON-GILLINGHAM PROGRAMS - ANSWER: MULTI-SENSORY PROGRAMS
INTERACTIVE THEORY - ANSWER: COMPONENT PROCESSES OCCUR AT THE SAME
TIME IN PARALLEL
RUMELHART AND SEIDENBERG'S CONNECTIONIST THEORY - ANSWER: MODEL
INVOLVES TWO-WAY CONNECTION BETWEEN CONTEXT AND MEANING, AND
TWO-WAY CONNECTION BETWEEN ORTHOGRAPHY AND PHONOLOGY
FARNHAM-DIGGORY MODEL - ANSWER: MEANING BASED AND CODE-CODE
BASED STRATEGIES ARE TAUGHT TOGETHER
1ST ORDER SKILL - ENCIPHERING AND DECIPHERING
2ND ORDER SKILL - COMPREHENSION/COMPOSITION
THESE TWO SETS OF SKILLS ARE TAUGHT TOGETHER
GOUGH'S SIMPLE VIEW OF READING - ANSWER: TWO ABILITIES ARE REQUIRED
FOR READING/COMPREHENSION
1. ABILITY TO LOOK AT PRINT AND RECODE IT INTO SPOKEN LANGUAGE
(DECODING) - ACCURACY AND FLUENCY
2. ABILITY TO UNDERSTAND SPOKEN LANGUAGE (LISTENING COMPREHENSION)/
GENERAL LANGUAGE COMPREHENSION SKILLS
STANOVICH'S INTERACTIVE-COMPENSATORY MODEL - ANSWER: TRADE OFF OF
SUB PROCESSES
, CALT 2023 STUDY GUIDE
READERS WITH POOR WORD RECOGNITION ARE MORE RELIANT ON CONTEXT
THAN GOOD READERS
SKILL OF READING AS A DEVELOPING PROCESS
JEANNE CHALL'S SIX STAGES OF READING - ANSWER: REQUIRES ADAPTABILITY,
ASSIMILATION, AND ACCOMMODATION
ASSIMILATION (UNDER SIX STAGES) - ANSWER: REFERS TO LEARNERS
APPLICATION OF PREVIOUSLY ACQUIRED SKILLS
ACCOMMODATION (UNDER SIX STAGES) - ANSWER: REFERS TO LEARNER'S ABILITY
TO ADOPT NEW SKILLS
CHALL'S SIX STAGES - STAGE 0 - ANSWER: STAGE 0 - PRE READING STAGE (0-6
YEARS)
WHAT COMPONENTS MAKE UP STAGE 0? - ANSWER: LANGUAGE AWARENESS
ABILITY TO NAME LETTERS
READ SOME POPULAR SIGNS
UNDERSTAND RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PICTURES AND PRINT
ABILITY TO ALLITERATE AND RHYME
CHALL'S SIX STAGES - STAGE 1 - ANSWER: STAGE 1 - DECODING (6-7 YEARS)
CALT 2023 STUDY GUIDE EXAM REVIEW
CONTAINING 313 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2024
KINDS OF VOWEL SOUNDS - ANSWER: LONG/SHORT SOUNDS
VOWEL -R
DIPHTONG
UNACCENTED VOWELS
PHONOLOGY - ANSWER: REFER TO STUDY OF SOUND IN SPOKEN WORD - HOW
SOUNDS ARE ORGANIZED AND USED IN SPOKEN/NATURAL LANGUAGE
, CALT 2023 STUDY GUIDE
ALLOPHONE - ANSWER: SLIGHT VARIATIONS IN PRODUCTION OF VOWELS OR
CONSONANTS THAT ARE PREDICTABLE VARIANTS OF THE PHONEME
PHONETICS - ANSWER: HOW YOU ANALYZE THE PRODUCTION OF HUMAN SOUND
ONSET - ANSWER: SOUNDS PRECEDING THE VOWEL
RIME - ANSWER: SOUNDS FROM THE FIRST VOWEL ON
PHONOLOGICAL AWARENESS - ANSWER: REFERS TO METACOGNITION THAT
SPOKEN LANGUAGE IS MADE UP OF A SERIES OF SOUNDS AND THAT THESE
SOUNDS OCCUPY A PARTICULAR SEQUENTIAL ORDER
DEVELOPMENTAL THEORY (ISABELLE LIEBERMAN) - ANSWER: WORDS IN
SENTENCES
SYLLABLES IN WORDS
PHONEMES IN SINGLE WORDS - PHONEMIC AWARENESS
STANOVICH'S "MATTHEW EFFECT" - ANSWER: FROM BIBLE VERSE "POOR GET
POORER" - FAILURE TO LEARN TO DECODE WORDS BECAUSE POOR
PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSING CAUSE SUBSEQUENT DEFECTS IN READING
COMPREHENSION, VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT, AND EVEN IQ
PHONOLOGICAL CORE DEFICIT - ANSWER: LEADS TO OTHER PROBLEMS
, CALT 2023 STUDY GUIDE
ORTON-GILLINGHAM PROGRAMS - ANSWER: MULTI-SENSORY PROGRAMS
INTERACTIVE THEORY - ANSWER: COMPONENT PROCESSES OCCUR AT THE SAME
TIME IN PARALLEL
RUMELHART AND SEIDENBERG'S CONNECTIONIST THEORY - ANSWER: MODEL
INVOLVES TWO-WAY CONNECTION BETWEEN CONTEXT AND MEANING, AND
TWO-WAY CONNECTION BETWEEN ORTHOGRAPHY AND PHONOLOGY
FARNHAM-DIGGORY MODEL - ANSWER: MEANING BASED AND CODE-CODE
BASED STRATEGIES ARE TAUGHT TOGETHER
1ST ORDER SKILL - ENCIPHERING AND DECIPHERING
2ND ORDER SKILL - COMPREHENSION/COMPOSITION
THESE TWO SETS OF SKILLS ARE TAUGHT TOGETHER
GOUGH'S SIMPLE VIEW OF READING - ANSWER: TWO ABILITIES ARE REQUIRED
FOR READING/COMPREHENSION
1. ABILITY TO LOOK AT PRINT AND RECODE IT INTO SPOKEN LANGUAGE
(DECODING) - ACCURACY AND FLUENCY
2. ABILITY TO UNDERSTAND SPOKEN LANGUAGE (LISTENING COMPREHENSION)/
GENERAL LANGUAGE COMPREHENSION SKILLS
STANOVICH'S INTERACTIVE-COMPENSATORY MODEL - ANSWER: TRADE OFF OF
SUB PROCESSES
, CALT 2023 STUDY GUIDE
READERS WITH POOR WORD RECOGNITION ARE MORE RELIANT ON CONTEXT
THAN GOOD READERS
SKILL OF READING AS A DEVELOPING PROCESS
JEANNE CHALL'S SIX STAGES OF READING - ANSWER: REQUIRES ADAPTABILITY,
ASSIMILATION, AND ACCOMMODATION
ASSIMILATION (UNDER SIX STAGES) - ANSWER: REFERS TO LEARNERS
APPLICATION OF PREVIOUSLY ACQUIRED SKILLS
ACCOMMODATION (UNDER SIX STAGES) - ANSWER: REFERS TO LEARNER'S ABILITY
TO ADOPT NEW SKILLS
CHALL'S SIX STAGES - STAGE 0 - ANSWER: STAGE 0 - PRE READING STAGE (0-6
YEARS)
WHAT COMPONENTS MAKE UP STAGE 0? - ANSWER: LANGUAGE AWARENESS
ABILITY TO NAME LETTERS
READ SOME POPULAR SIGNS
UNDERSTAND RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PICTURES AND PRINT
ABILITY TO ALLITERATE AND RHYME
CHALL'S SIX STAGES - STAGE 1 - ANSWER: STAGE 1 - DECODING (6-7 YEARS)
