UW Madison Top Possible 2024 Questions and Correct Answers 2024

Two types of cell division in eukaryotes - Mitosis, Meiosis Meiosis produces - gametes (sex) Mitosis produces - somatic cells (non-stem, non-sex) Cell division in prokaryotes is called - Binary fission In binary fission, the parent cell... - ...divides to create *clonal* daughter cells (identical to each other + parent cell) Mitosis is - the division of the nucleus cytokinesis is - the division of the cytosol + other organelles 3 Functions of Mitosis: - 1. Growth 2. Repair and replacement 3. Asexual reproduction (e.g. Yeast) Acronym for functions of mitosis: - GRR AR G - growth RR - replace/repair AR - asexual reproduction What is a chromosome? - structure carrying genetic material, genes, and non-coding DNA. What are the levels of DNA "packing?" - Double helix nucleosomes (DNA wrapped around 8 histones) 30 nm fibers Looped domains Metaphase chromosome Does each species have a characteristic number of chromosomes? - Yes How many chromosomes do humans have? How many pairs? - 46 chromosomes, 23 pairs What does a karyotype show? - Nuclear contents (somatic, sex cells) What stage are chromosomes at in a karyotype? - metaphase what does diploid mean? - chromosomes are in pairs (2n) what does haploid mean? - chromosomes are solo/single (1n, n) What happens prior to mitosis? - each chromosome is replicated, because one 2n parent cell will create two 2n daughter cells What are sister chromatids? - Two chromatids produced by replication that, when connected by a centromere, make up a chromosome. Is a chromosome the entire X or not? - Yes, made of two chromatids (sister chromatids) At start of mitosis, what happens? - chromosomes condense and become compact