PSYCH 100 Final Exam (PSU Crosby) %Accurate

Visual Accomodation - ANSWER the process by which the eye's lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina Classical Conditioning - ANSWER learning to associate two stimuli and thus anticipate events; involuntary; NEW response to a stimulus that didn't previously produce a response; CS must immediately precede UCS; expectancy: UCS to follow CS Conditioned Response (CR) - ANSWER a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus Conditioned Stimulus (CS) - ANSWER an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an UCS, comes to trigger a CR Discrimination - ANSWER the learned ability to distinguish between a CS and stimuli that do not signal an UCS Extinction - ANSWER the diminishing of a CR; occurs in classical conditioning when an UCS does not follow a CS; occurs in operant conditioning when a response is no longer reinforced Generalization - ANSWER the tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses Learning - ANSWER the process of acquiring new and relatively enduring information or behaviors Observational Learning - ANSWER learning from others' experiences Operant Conditioning - ANSWER learning to associate a response (our behavior) and its consequence, voluntary, increases the rate of a CURRENT response, reinforcement should be immediate, expectancy: reinforcement to follow correct response Positive Punishment - ANSWER ADDING an undesirable stimulus to stop/decrease behavior Negative Punishment - ANSWER REMOVING a desirable stimulus to stop/decrease behavior Positive Reinforcement - ANSWER ADDING positive stimuli to increase behavior