MCAT Biology and Behavior Exam Questions and Answers

MCAT Biology and Behavior Exam Questions and Answers Franz Gall - Correct Answer️️ -Phrenology if a trait is well developed then the part of the brain responsible for that trait would expand Pierre Flourens - Correct Answer️️ -Studied the functions of the major sections of the brain by extirpation on rabbits and pigeons. Extirpation - Correct Answer️️ -Surgically removing various parts of the brain and observing the behavioral consequences Williams James - Correct Answer️️ -Father of Psychology. Functionalism; studied how mental processes help individuals adapt to their environments John Dewy - Correct Answer️️ -Criticized the reflex arc. Felt that organisms should be studied as a whole Paul Broca - Correct Answer️️ -Studied functional impairments and brain lesions Hermann von Helmholtz - Correct Answer️️ -Measured the speed of a nerve impulse Sir Charles Sherrington - Correct Answer️️ -Inferred the existence of synapses. Stating it was electrical but we now know it's chemical What are the nerves found in the nervous system? - Correct Answer️️ -Sensory neurons Motor neurons Interneurons Sensory neurons - Correct Answer️️ -Afferent neurons; transmit sensory information from receptors to the spinal cord and brain Motor neurons - Correct Answer️️ -Efferent neurons; transmit motor information from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands Sensation - Correct Answer️️ -Physical Perception - Correct Answer️️ -Processing of information to make sense of it's significance Nociceptors - Correct Answer️️ -Respond to painful or noxious stimuli (somatosensation) Osmoreceptors - Correct Answer️️ -Respond to the osmolarity of the blood (water homeostasis) Threshold - Correct Answer️️ -The minimum amount of stimulus that renders a difference in perception. There are three types. Absolute Threshold - Correct Answer️️ -The minimum of stimulus energy that is needed to activate a sensory system. So how bright, loud, or intense a stimulus must be before it is sensed. Threshold of Conscious Perception - Correct Answer️️ -A stimulus that arrives at the CNS but does NOT reach the higher order brain regions that controls attention and consciousness Limina or subliminal perception - Correct Answer️️ -The perception of a stimulus below a given threshold Difference Threshold - Correct Answer️️ -Or just noticeable difference (jnd) refers to the minimum difference in magnitude between two stimuli before one c