BIO 101 Exam 1 (Jeremy Chandler, UTK)Correct 100%

chloroplast -ANSWER an organelle in plant and algae cells that is the site of photosynthesis lysosomes -ANSWER organelle filled with enzymes that can degrade worn-out cellular structures Gogli apparatus -ANSWER organelle that packages proteins and prepares them for transport endoplasmic reticulum -ANSWER network of membranes in eukaryotic cells where proteins and lipids are synthesized mitochondria -ANSWER organelles responsible for energy-conversion reactions in eukaryotes nuclear envelope -ANSWER the double membrane surrounding the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell active transport -ANSWER process by which solutes are pumped from low to high concentrations with the help of transport proteins transport proteins -ANSWER proteins involved in movement of molecules and ions across membrane simple diffusion -ANSWER movement of small, uncharged solutes across a membrane from high to low concentration (no energy required) peptidoglycan -ANSWER the macromolecule found in all bacterial cell walls that confers rigidity isotonic -ANSWER equal concentration outside cell as in cytoplasm hypertonic -ANSWER higher concentration of solutes outside cell than in cytoplasm (cells will shrivel) hypotonic -ANSWER lower concentration of solutes outside the cell than in cytoplasm (cells will swell) osmosis -ANSWER diffusion of water across a membrane from low to high concentration cell wall -ANSWER a rigid structure present in some cells that encloses the cell membrane and helps the cell maintain its integrity nucleus -ANSWER the organelle in eukaryotic cells that contains the genetic material ribosomes -ANSWER a complex of RNA and proteins that carries out protein synthesis in all cells cytoplasm -ANSWER the gelatinous, aqueous interior of all cells cell membrane -ANSWER a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that forms the boundary of all cells organelles -ANSWER the membrane-bound compartments of eukaryotic cells that carry out specific functions eukaryotic -ANSWER Cells that contain a nucleus and membrane bound organelles prokaryotic -ANSWER cells that lack internal membrane-bound organelles cell theory -ANSWER the concept that all living organisms are made of cells and that cells are formed by the reproduction of existing cells prions -ANSWER a protein-only infectious agent virus -ANSWER an infectious agent made up of a protein shell that encloses genetic information bases -ANSWER a substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution