BIO 101 Exam 1 Questions & Answers(SCORED A+)

Daniel Dennett states, "If I were to give a prize for the best idea any body ever had, I'd give it to Darwin for the idea of natural selection." What did Darwin's idea unite? - ANSWERUnites the world of purposeless, meaningless matter and motion and the world of meaning and purpose design What were the consequences of Darwin's ideas on British society? - ANSWERevolution was unorthodox against natural history in Great Britain, jeopardized the standing of science and of a stable society of the bible and the church Darwin experienced a major earthquake in South America during his travels on the Beagle. What impact did this have on his views? - ANSWERTime is the key, marine fossil remains on high mountains What was the error Darwin made with respect to the finches he collected on the Galapagos? Why is this significant? - ANSWERHe didn't label the finches by island. There were separate species for each Galapagos Island When Darwin realizes he needs birds from the Galapagos with better records than what he kept, he goes to Captain Fitzroy to ask to see his collection. How do Darwin and Fitzroy differ on their views of finches and why are they important? - ANSWERDarwin believed that finches could have been blown from South America and evolved through generations depending on where they ended up. Fitzroy believed that God put the finches there. Showed how the British were not open to the idea of evolution and only focused on the church's views. In looking over the bones on the table, Darwin ponders if the globe has undergone such profound changes in its history geologically, surely all living creatures must have changed with it to adapt to new conditions. Or otherwise they would have perished. He says there must be a new law which does what? - ANSWERCauses new species to appear in place of extinct ones Later, in the pool room with his brother, Darwin suggests that perhaps there is a tree of life. What is this tree of life? What is the "bottom line" of his idea? - ANSWEREach new species springs from the parent tree in chutes, these chutes branch and divide, some branches die out and some keep growing, the trunk is the ancient common ancestor Chris Schneider conducts research in Ecuador near base of Andes mountains and further upland. What does he hope to discover? - ANSWERHow changing environments might trigger the evolution of new species What observations did Darwin make on the finches he brought back from the Galapagos? - ANSWERThey had uniquely shaped beaks adapted to the different foods on the islands What was Darwin's thinking regarding the origin of the different finches? - ANSWERThey had descended from a common ancestral population that had flown over from the mainland What does the example of the adaptations of the praying mantis illustrate with regards to natural selection and the evolution of such extreme adaptations? - ANSWERMantis' must have gone through many modifications in order to transform their backs to look like leaves in order to camouflage and avoid predators Depends where they are in the rainforest, it would have a longer chance of living Tom Smith's research on hummingbirds in the Andes points to a very key event that can lead to the emergence of a new species. What is this? - ANSWERCreation of and adaptation to a new environment. Changes in beak length. Changes in environment can change characteristics of a species. When are animals considered new species? - ANSWERwhen the population changes so much that they cannot reproduce with one another HIV has the capacity to evolve, no matter what you give it. Michael Saags has seen HIV evolve into new varieties over the last several years. The virus is constantly changing, subject to the forces of natural selection in the environment of the patient's body. Watch the animation carefully! What is happening to HIV once inside a patient's white blood cells? How does drug resistance happen? - ANSWEROnce inside a patient's white blood cells the virus replicates its DNA very quickly. The drug resistance occurs because many forms of the virus are created and their genetic variations tend are too many some drugs to work effectively.