Biology 101 Exam 1 Questions With Correct Solutions!!

Biology -ANSWER You Is the study of the science of life. It's not just facts and theories. It is also a process. Modem science, including biology, is primarily dependent on inductive logic reasoning, which has given rise to the Scientific Method General methods of critical thinking: Deductive Reasoning -ANSWER Reasoning from a general premise to a specific conclusion. General methods of critical thinking: Inductive Reasoning -ANSWER Reasoning from a series of specific facts or observations to a general principle. Scientific Method -ANSWER a) Observation -- careful reporting of actual events in the biosphere. b) Hypothesis -- a TENTATIVE (Subject to change) explanation formulated from the observations using inductive reasoning. It attempts to explain the event and is subject to tests. c) Experimentation - carefully designed lab work or field work to test the hypothesis using deductive reasoning. An experiment must consist of an experimental group and a control group for comparison purposes. d) conclusion -data from experimentation should either support or contradict the hypothesis. If a hypothesis is supported by repeated experimental testing, it is now qualified as a Theory. [If the data contradict the hypothesis, a new hypothesis and new experimentation work will have to be done]. Theory -ANSWER Is a unifying explanation for a broad range of observation. Although (THEORIES ARE NOT ABSOLUTE FACTS) in science, they serve as the solid foundation in the understanding of natural phenomena. The Experimental Method -ANSWER • Experiments are situations designed to test a specific hypothesis • Scientists can manipulate the environment, one variable at a time. • This helps the scientist to determine what specific variable is involved (controlled and experimental groups) 5 basic properties found in all living things; Cellular Organization -ANSWER All living things are composed of cells. 1 cell= uni-organism 5 basic properties found in all living things; Metabolism -ANSWER All living things undergo chemical and physical changes to produce energy. This energy is needed for all cell activities. 5 basic properties found in all living things; Homeostasis -ANSWER All living things maintain relatively stable internal conditions regardless of drastic changes in their surrounding. 5 basic properties found in all living things; Reproduction -ANSWER All living things reproduce and form a continuum of heredity in their species. 5 basic properties found in all living things; Heredity -ANSWER all living organisms possess a genetic system using deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) to transmit their characteristics from parent to offspring. Six general themes of biology -ANSWER 1. Levels of organization 2. Flow of energy 3. Evolution 4. Cooperation 5. Structure determines function ("form fits function"): 6. Homeostasis Levels of organization -ANSWER A) Living organisms in the living world function and interact with each other at many levels. B) Each living organism is composed of : particles, atoms, molecules, macromolecules organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems. C) Among different living organisms, there is another HIERARCHY of complexity: species population community ecosystem biomes biosphere Biosphere -ANSWER All life on Earth and the nonliving portion of Earth that support life. Ecosystem -ANSWER A community together with its nonliving surroundings Community -ANSWER Populations of different species that live in the same area and interact with one another. Species -ANSWER All organisms that are similar enough to interbreed. Population -ANSWER All the members of a species living in the same area. Multi-cellular organism -ANSWER An Individual living thing composed of many cells. Organ system -ANSWER Two or more organs working together in the execution of a specific bodily function. Example: The digestive system Organ -ANSWER A structure usually composed of several tissue types that form a functional unit. Example: Heart, stomach, bladder Tissue -ANSWER A group of