BSC 101 Final Exam Study Guide (Illinois State University) Graded A+

Why is the scientific method bad? - Answer-It is oversimplified, it implies that an experiment can answer a research question. Science isn't linear. It implies science is an independent effort, no creativity or imagination, and it ignores technology and society What is a theory? - Answer-Theories are broad explanations. They are supported by lines o evidence, with no contradictory evidence. Therefore the evolutionary theory isn't just a "theory" Why don't community analysis and feedback insure the accuracy of scientific information? - AnswerYou get peer revisions and discuss with colleagues. During these discussions, you can come up with new ideas and build theories What are (6) examples that all living things must do? - Answer-1. have organized structures made of at least one cell 2. respond to stimuli duce, even through adaptions by natural selection 4. Grow and develop 5. Maintain Homeostasis 6. Process energy What is a Prokaryotic cell? - Answer-Has a cell membrane but no nucleus, and no mitochondria What is a Eukaryotic cell? - Answer-Has a cell membrane, nucleus, and mitochondria. Eukaryotic cells are also larger than Prokaryotic What are examples of Prokaryotes? - Answer-Bacteria or Archaea What are examples of Eukaryotes? - Answer-Animals and Plants What is a mutation? - Answer-Mutation, or microevolution, is a change in DNA sequence caused by errors in DNA replication or mutagens, which can be environmental factors like UV radiation. It mustbe a sperm or an egg to be passed on. Some consequences could be there is no change in phenotype, beneficial, or increase fitness or negative, decrease fitness What occurs during natural selection? - Answer-There is first genetic variation of the population. Then differential reproduction, then hereditary difference, then change across generations in gene pools, phenotypes, and population's fitness. (Biological fitness is the degree to which an individual can reproduce and have its genes represented in the next generations) What are some common misconceptions of evolution? - Answer-1. That it's just a theory 2. That individual organisms can evolve (the smallest unit that can evolve is a population) 3. evolution explains the origin of life (more like how life changed after origin) 4. organisms evolve on purpose or if they are smart enough (it's really based on genes) 5. evolution is controversial among scientists, other theories should be taught 6.Evolution and religion are incompatible (they are actually very different) What is speciation? - Answer-Speciation is when populations become geographically separated. The gene flow is interrupted, genetic and phenotypic changes accumulate, and reproduction becomes less likely, and eventually impossible