BSC 101 exam 3 ISU Questions And Answers Rated A+ New Update Assured Satisfaction

1. Explain the structure of a typical viral particle - Answer-Contains nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA, and a protein coat or capsid made of protein 2. Explain how a virus infects a cell - Answer-Steps 1-5 a. Virus becomes attached to target epithelial cell b. The cell engulfs the virus by endocytosis c. Viral contents are released. Viral RNA enters the nucleus where it is replicated by the viral RNA polymerase. d. Viral MRNA is used to make viral proteins e. New viral particles are made and released into the extra cellular fluid. The cell which not killed continues to make new virus. 3. Explain why a virus is not considered "alive" - Answer-Have no plasma membrane or metabolic processes and don't divide like living things. 4. Identify different types of innate immunity - Answer-5 types a. Skin, hair, cilia b. Mucus membranes c. Digestive enzymes d. Stomach acidity e. Inflammatory response 5. Explain the inflammatory response - Answer-Occurs immediately when our internal environment is exposed to bacteria from the outside and a response to trauma like a cut. (Symptoms -redness, swelling, heat, pain) 6. Explain how pathogens are marked and destroyed when they invade the body - Answer-Antibodies bind to pathogens and mark them for destruction. Binding of B and T cells to an antigen stimulates memory cells. Patrol the blood looking for destruction of pathogens. B and T are white blood cells. 7. Explain how vaccinations can cause a secondary response - Answer-Give you a little of the virus, stimulate immune system8. Explain how herd immunity works - Answer-If everyone in room was vaccinated but I wasn't, chances of me getting disease is lower because no one else is likely to get it. The resistance of a group to an attack by a disease to which a large proportion of the members of the group are immune protect the rest 9. Explain why everyone who is medically capable should get vaccinated - Answer-Let's your immune system see what the virus looks like to build immunity then if you get the real virus you won't get sick. Protect everyone around you. 1. Explain how fats, proteins, and carbohydrates are digested - Answer-carbs- Enzymes clip off simple sugar from larger carb molecules. Begins in the mouth with salivary amylase and absorbed into blood. Proteins-enzymes clip off amino acids from larger protein molecules. Start in the stomach (pepsin) and gastric acid fats-small intestine (bile) emulsify fat particles into smaller droplets that are easier for pancreatic lipase to digest 2. Explain what causes type 2 diabetes and how it can be prevented - Answer-Metabolic disorder which causes sugar to accumulate in blood. Cells become resistant to insulin and don't absorb sugar. Low sugar diet, maintain healthy weight, exercise. Eat fruit and whole grains. 3. Identify consequences of obesity - Answer-high cholesterol leads to obesity. Heart disease, stroke, cancer, expensive