BSC 101: Exam 2 (Illinois State University) Questions And Answers Rated A+ New Update Assured Satisfaction

What is the structure of DNA called? - Answer--the double helix -adenine pairs with thymine - they form 2 hydrogen bonds together -guanine pairs with cytosine - they form 3 hydrogen bonds together while genetic information is transferred from parent to offspring via DNA duplication, genetic information is transferred from DNA to RNA (which is called transcription) and then RNA to protein (which is called translation) - Answer-the central dogma RNA translated into protein (every 3 RNA bases codes for an amino acid) - Answer-translation copying of DNA code to RNA, one nucleotide at a time so it is complementary to the DNA - Answertranscription Universal Genetic Code - Answer-all living organisms ever discovered use the same code; more evidence all life shares the same common ancestor (codons) 3 letter "words" that code for an amino acid (64 codons to code for approximately 20 amino acids) - Answer-Codon the process of turning on a gene to produce RNA and protein - Answer-gene expression separates DNA strands based on length (smaller molecules move faster through the gel than large ones) - Answer-Gel Electrophoresis (biotech tool) taking a few copies of DNA and making millions of copies (ex: use when you only have one drop of blood but need more to solve a crime) - Answer-PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) (biotech tool) Molecular Cloning (biotech tool) - Answer-- extract a gene from one species- insert into a vector - grow bacterial colonies - bacterial cells that took up the gene express the protein product of the gene (how insulin is made) Reproductive Cloning (biotech tool) - Answer-the copying of an entire molecular organism like a sheep - egg cell: haploid nucleus is removed - a diploid nucleus from an individual's body cell is inserted into the egg cell - electrically stimulate egg cell, which starts dividing - resulting offspring is a genetic identical to the individual who donated the body cell diploid nucleus Gene Therapy - Answer-used to treat genetic disorders resulting in a missing or dysfunctional gene/protein - the functional gene is cloned into a vector - gene is inserted into the person's cell's genome - functional gene gets expressed